Settled
Do GLP-1 receptor agonists improve glycemic control versus placebo?
Mostly studied in coronary & atherosclerotic disease. Also asked against other treatments.
Not modeled yetTrial evidence exists, but no mechanistic model yetWithout a model there is no decisive experiment to propose. Help build it. →
Where the evidence stands
Very likely. So far, repeated by independent trials.
NoUnsureYes
- Belief
- 0.90 (range 0.65–1.00)
- Trials for
- 63
- Trials against
- 7
- Inconclusive
- 8
Already under way
- GLP-1 Medication & Behavioral Health on Weight and Metabolic Outcomes: FLOURISH (Functional Longitudinal Outcomes Under Intentional Small Habits) & THRIVE…NCT07588984 · not yet recruiting · started 2026
- Repositioning Omega-3 Fatty Acids For Treatment Of Glycaemia And Cardiometabolic DiseaseNCT07677995 · enrolling by invitation · started 2026
- Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Placebo on Cardiometabolic Profile in Patients With Schizophrenia With Metabolic Syndrome: A Multicentre,…NCT07770282 · not yet recruiting · started 2026
- OBESIAL: A Prospective Interventional Real-world Study of a Multidisciplinary Obesity Management ProgrammeNCT07779343 · recruiting · started 2026
- The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Coronary Artery Diseases and Their Potential MechanismsNCT07073053 · not yet recruiting · started 2025
The evidence so far
- Registered trials
- 737
- With posted results
- 244
- Published papers
- 57
Of 767 decided analyses: 434 favor glp-1 receptor agonists, 204 find no difference, 129 favor the comparator.
Papers
- Weight loss maintenance with exercise and liraglutide improves glucose tolerance, glucagon response, and beta cell function.Trial report · 2023
- The effect of adding exenatide to a thiazolidinedione in suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.Trial report · 2007
- A comparison of twice-daily exenatide and biphasic insulin aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes who were suboptimally controlled with sulfonylurea and metformin: a non-inferiority study.Trial report · 2007
- Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycemic control with metformin and a sulfonylurea.Trial report · 2009
- Once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide is non-inferior to once-daily liraglutide and superior to placebo in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomized phase III study.Trial report · 2015
- Liraglutide in people treated for type 2 diabetes with multiple daily insulin injections: randomised clinical trial (MDI Liraglutide trial).Trial report · 2015
Trials
- Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-2): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin Versus Metformin Monotherapy Versus Metformin and Glimepiride Combination Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 DiabetesNCT00318461 · 66 posted results
- A Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide Once Weekly as Add-on Therapy to Metformin in Patients With Type 2 DiabetesNCT03987919 · 23 posted results
- A Phase 2 Study of Once-Daily LY3502970 Compared With Placebo and Once-Weekly Dulaglutide in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes MellitusNCT05048719 · 40 posted results
- Efficacy and Long-term Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Sitagliptin in Subjects With Type 2 DiabetesNCT02607865 · 27 posted results
- A Phase 3 Study of Tirzepatide Monotherapy Compared to Dulaglutide 0.75 mg in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes MellitusNCT03861052 · 25 posted results
- The Effect of Tirzepatide on α and β Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes MellitusNCT03951753 · 24 posted results
- A Phase 4, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Switching From Weekly Dulaglutide to Weekly Tirzepatide in Adults With Type 2 DiabetesNCT05564039 · 6 posted results
- Effect of Liraglutide or Glimepiride Added to Metformin on Glycaemic Control in Subjects With Type 2 DiabetesNCT00614120 · 7 posted results