Trial reportDiabetes care2018
The Impact of Liraglutide on Diabetes-Related Foot Ulceration and Associated Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk for Cardiovascular Events: Results From the LEADER Trial.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2018. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map, but it casts no vote: it is a later paper about NCT01179048, whose primary report (PMID 27295427) speaks for the trial. It reports registered trial NCT01179048. Cited by 58 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
RESULTS: During a median of 3.8 years' follow-up, similar proportions of patients reported at least one episode of DFU in the liraglutide and placebo groups (3.8% [176/4,668] versus 4.1% [191/4,672], respectively; hazard ratio [HR] 0.92 [95% CI 0.75, 1.13; CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and at high risk of CV events in the LEADER trial did not increase the risk of DFU events and was associated with a significantly lower risk of DFU-related amputations compared with placebo.
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Where it lands on the map
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What it adds to each cell
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GLP-1 receptor agonists×cardiovascular events
Does not voteOpen on the map →What to test next →13 readable studies in this cell: 7 favour the treatment, 2 find no difference, 4 favour the comparator.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Long-term, Multi-centre, International, Randomised Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Determine Liraglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Events
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Dual Incretin Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Vascular, Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Mortality Outcomes : Incretin Therapy in T2DM and PAD.Current diabetes reports · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Effectiveness and Safety of Antidiabetic Drugs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease: Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for people with cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Exploring the Role of GLP-1 Agents in Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Narrative and Systematic Review.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair SocietyPooled it
- Trial
- Liraglutide improves peripheral perfusion and markers of angiogenesis and inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes and peripheral artery disease: An 18-month follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Liraglutide for Lower Limb Perfusion in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease: The STARDUST Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Baseline modern medical management in the BEST-CLI trial.Journal of vascular surgery · 2023Trial
- Effect of treatment with exenatide and pioglitazone or basal-bolus insulin on diabetic neuropathy: a substudy of the Qatar Study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Trial
- Safety of Liraglutide in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2020Trial
- Cumulative Metabolic Exposure to Hyperglycemia and Risk of Cardiovascular and Limb Events in Peripheral Artery Disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists as a Secondary Prevention in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- Review
- Differential Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors on Lower-Extremity Amputation Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Peripheral artery disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Emerging Frontiers in GLP-1 Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Evidence Base (2025).Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1: a new potential regulator for mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complication.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Does Improvement of Glycemic Control Cause Acute Charcot Foot in Patients with Diabetes?Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association · 2025Review
- Design and baseline characteristics of the STRIDE trial: evaluating semaglutide in people with symptomatic peripheral artery disease and type 2 diabetes.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2025Article
- Novel glucose-lowering agents that benefit diabetic foot: icing on the cake.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
objectiveDiabetes-related foot ulcers (DFUs) and their sequelae result in large patient and societal burdens. Long-term data determining the efficacy of individual glucose-lowering agents on DFUs are lacking. Using existing data from the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results (LEADER) trial, we conducted post hoc analyses assessing the impact of liraglutide versus placebo in people with type 2 diabetes and at high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events on the incidence of DFUs and their sequelae. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThe LEADER trial (NCT01179048) was a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, CV outcomes trial assessing liraglutide (1.8 mg/day) versus placebo, in addition to standard of care, for up to 5 years. Information on DFUs was collected systematically during the trial, and DFU complications were assessed post hoc through reviewing case narratives.
resultsDuring a median of 3.8 years' follow-up, similar proportions of patients reported at least one episode of DFU in the liraglutide and placebo groups (3.8% [176/4,668] versus 4.1% [191/4,672], respectively; hazard ratio [HR] 0.92 [95% CI 0.75, 1.13;
conclusionsTreatment with liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and at high risk of CV events in the LEADER trial did not increase the risk of DFU events and was associated with a significantly lower risk of DFU-related amputations compared with placebo. This association, possibly due to chance, needs further investigation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.