Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29632321›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2018

Metabolic profiling of sourdough fermented wheat and rye bread.

Ville M Koistinen, Outi Mattila, Kati Katina, Kaisa Poutanen, Anna-Marja Aura, Kati Hanhineva

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Development of Functional Sourdough Bread UsingFood science & nutrition · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Rye (Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Effects of Co-Fermentation ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ville M KoistinenUniversity of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland. ville.m.koistinen@uef.fi.ORCID 0000-0003-1587-8361
Outi MattilaVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
Kati KatinaUniversity of Helsinki, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Kaisa PoutanenVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
Anna-Marja AuraVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
Kati HanhinevaUniversity of Eastern Finland, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sourdough fermentation by lactic acid bacteria is commonly used in bread baking, affecting several attributes of the final product. We analyzed whole-grain wheat and rye breads and doughs prepared with baker's yeast or a sourdough starter including Candida milleri, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum using non-targeted metabolic profiling utilizing LC-QTOF-MS. The aim was to determine the fermentation-induced changes in metabolites potentially contributing to the health-promoting properties of whole-grain wheat and rye. Overall, we identified 118 compounds with significantly increased levels in sourdough, including branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their metabolites, small peptides with high proportion of BCAAs, microbial metabolites of phenolic acids and several other potentially bioactive compounds. We also identified 69 compounds with significantly decreased levels, including phenolic acid precursors, nucleosides, and nucleobases. Intensive sourdough fermentation had a higher impact on the metabolite profile of whole-grain rye compared to milder whole-grain wheat sourdough fermentation. We hypothesize that the increased amount of BCAAs and potentially bioactive small peptides may contribute to the insulin response of rye bread, and in more general, the overall protective effect against T2DM and CVD.

Indexed as

Amino Acids, Branched-ChainBreadCandidaChromatography, LiquidFermentationHydroxybenzoatesLactiplantibacillus plantarumLactobacillalesLevilactobacillus brevisMetabolomicsPeptidesPrincipal Component AnalysisSecaleTandem Mass SpectrometryTriticumAmino Acids, Branched-ChainHydroxybenzoatesPeptidesphenolic acid

Identifiers

PMID29632321
PMCPMC5890289

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.