SynthesisTheScientificWorldJournal2014
Problem-based learning in pharmaceutical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in TheScientificWorldJournal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effectiveness of case-based learning compared with lecture-based learning in pharmacy education: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of problem-based learning in Chinese pharmacy education: a meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2016Pooled it
- Characterization of the learning environment for teaching pharmaceutical care: a scoping review.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Comparative Study of Problem-Based Learning and Traditional Teaching Methods on Medical Students' Outcomes in Pediatrics Clerkships.Advances in medical education and practice · 2025Article
- Article
- Development and Implementation of Workshops to Optimize the Delivery of Vaccination Services in Community Pharmacies: Thinking beyond COVID-19.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- PBL teaching in ultrasonography resident standardization training in the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC medical education · 2022Article
- Improving Medical Education: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2021Review
- Enhancing Student Knowledge of Diabetes through Virtual Choose Your Own Adventure Patient Case Format.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Pharmacology through Play: using Lego® to revise core concepts for undergraduates.MedEdPublish (2016) · 2019Article
- Entrustable Professional Activities as a Novel Framework for Pharmacy Education.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2018Article
- Pharmacy Students Perceptions of Their Distance Online Learning Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the effects of problem-based learning (PBL) on the learning achievements of pharmacy students.
methodsWe searched for controlled studies that compared PBL to traditional learning in pharmacy courses (graduate and undergraduate) in the major literature databases up to January 2014. Two independent researchers selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the studies. Meta-analyses of the outcomes were performed using a random effects model.
resultsFrom 1,988 retrieved records, five were included in present review. The studies assessed students' impressions about the PBL method and compared student grades on the midterm and final examinations. PBL students performed better on midterm examinations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; confidence interval [IC] 95%: 1.16, 1.89) and final examinations (OR = 1.60; IC 95%: 1.06, 2.43) compared with students in the traditional learning groups. No difference was found between the groups in the subjective evaluations.
conclusionpharmacy students' knowledge was improved by the PBL method. Pharmaceutical education courses should consider implementing PBL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.