ArticleJAMA1998
Cigarette smoking and progression of atherosclerosis: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
Article in JAMA, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06606821 (The Effects of Tirzepatide on Coronary Plaque Lipid Content and Myocardial Microvascular Function in Overweight and Obese People With Coronary Disease - The IDEAL-COR Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 217 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Tirzepatide on Coronary Plaque Lipid Content and Myocardial Microvascular Function in Overweight and Obese People With Coronary Disease - The IDEAL-COR Study
Who cites it
217 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 733 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypertension in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and associated risk factors.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Guideline
- Guideline
- JBS 2: Joint British Societies' guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2005Guideline
- Nicotine dependence as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in the National Lung Screening Trial.BMC public health · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Association between smoking status and the parameters of vascular structure and function in adults: results from the EVIDENT study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2013Trial
- Investigating silent strokes in hypertensives: a magnetic resonance imaging study (ISSYS): rationale and protocol design.BMC neurology · 2013Trial
- Effects of smoking and cessation on subclinical arterial disease: a substudy of a randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Pleiotropic benefit of monomeric and oligomeric flavanols on vascular health--a randomized controlled clinical pilot study.PloS one · 2011Trial
- Clinical-Metabolic Risk Phenotypes and Carotid Plaque Burden Among Community-Dwelling Individuals at High Cardiovascular Risk: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Multivariate adaptive regression spline modeling for estimating carotid artery plaque thickness in Chinese men with type 2 diabetes.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Improved prognosis prediction of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events by combined assessment of both ankle-brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in individuals with diabetes: The Kyushu prevention study for atherosclerosis, a prospective, multicenter survey.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Association Between Colorectal Neoplasia and Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Individuals.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Associations of cigarette smoking with coronary artery and extra-coronary calcification in older adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.Atherosclerosis · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning for precision prevention of cognitive decline: integrating multimodal biomarkers, lifestyle interventions, and natural medicines from prediction to clinical practice.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Global Co-Occurrence of COPD and Peripheral Artery Disease in Older Adults: A Machine Learning Analysis of Spatial Patterns and Population-Attributable Risks.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Aortic arch calcification in relation to cigarette smoking: results from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA).The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2025Article
- Methylation-based smoking signatures in blood and tissue samples for the prediction of self-reported smoking status and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Article
157 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextCigarette smoking is a powerful risk factor for incident heart disease and stroke, but the relationship of active and passive smoking with the progression of atherosclerosis has not been described.
objectiveTo examine the impact of active smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on the progression of atherosclerosis.
designA longitudinal assessment of the relationship between smoking exposure evaluated at the initial visit and the 3-year change in atherosclerosis.
settingA population-based cohort of middle-aged adults from 4 communities in the United States.
participantsA total of 10914 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study enrolled between 1987 and 1989.
main outcome measureChange in atherosclerosis from baseline to the 3-year follow-up as indexed by intimal-medial thickness of the carotid artery assessed by ultrasound and adjusted for demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and lifestyle variables.
resultsExposure to cigarette smoke was associated with progression of atherosclerosis. Relative to never smokers and after adjustment for demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and lifestyle variables, current cigarette smoking was associated with a 50% increase in the progression of atherosclerosis (mean progression rate over 3 years, 43.0 microm for current and 28.7 microm for never smokers, regardless of ETS exposure), and past smoking was associated with a 25% increase (mean progression rate over 3 years, 35.8 microm for past smokers and 28.7 microm for never smokers). Relative to those not exposed to ETS, exposure to ETS was associated with a 20% increase (35.2 microm for those exposed to ETS vs 29.3 microm for those not exposed). The impact of smoking on atherosclerosis progression was greater for subjects with diabetes and hypertension. Although more pack-years of exposure was independently associated with faster progression (P<.001), after controlling for the number of pack-years, the progression rates of current and past smokers did not differ (P=.11).
conclusionsBoth active smoking and ETS exposure are associated with the progression of an index of atherosclerosis. Smoking is of particular concern for patients with diabetes and hypertension. The fact that pack-years of smoking but not current vs past smoking was associated with progression of atherosclerosis suggests that some adverse effects of smoking may be cumulative and irreversible.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.