Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42299828›Full record

ArticleFamily process2026

A Process Framework of Family AI Use in Early Education and Care.

Ying Zhang, Qilong Zhang, Ke Jiang, Ying Li, Qiuzhi Xie

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Family process, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ying ZhangCollege of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7108-9476
Qilong ZhangCollege of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1560-1154
Ke JiangFaculty of Art and Education, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9493-059X
Ying LiFaculty of Art and Education, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1987-2815
Qiuzhi XieAustralian Centre for the Advancement of Literacy, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4700-5063

Funding

United Arab Emirates University 12R258
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly entering family life, reshaping how young children learn, play, and interact with technology. Yet little is known about how parents interpret these changes or organize AI use at home. This qualitative study generates a process framework of family AI use in early education and care, capturing Chinese parents' perspectives through inductive thematic analysis. Sixteen parents whose children attended nurseries and kindergartens across nine Chinese cities were purposefully selected for in-depth interviews. Through inductive analysis, we constructed a process framework suggesting that parents first articulate beliefs about AI, which inform the functions they intend AI to serve, and these functions in turn shape their mediation strategies. Parents emphasized both the significance of AI and the irreplaceability of human roles, while envisioning AI as a tool for relieving workload, offering parenting advice, entertaining, and supporting playful learning. Mediation strategies reflected ongoing negotiation, including managing AI's presence, interface, exposure, screen use, and content. This process framework illustrates how families balance opportunity with caution by shaping children's encounters with AI in ways consistent with parental values. It offers a conceptual tool for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers concerned with supporting healthy family engagement with AI in the digital age.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceParentingParentsAdultChild, PreschoolChinaFemaleHumansMaleQualitative Researchartificial intelligenceearly childhoodintended functionparental beliefparental mediation

Identifiers

PMID42299828
PMCPMC13270424

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.