Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41868250›Full record

ReviewReview journal of autism and developmental disorders2026

School-Based Interventions for Increasing Autistic Pupils' Social Inclusion in Mainstream Schools: A Systematic Review.

Yung-Ting Tsou, Lilla Veronika Kovács, Angeliki Louloumari, Lex Stockmann, Els M A Blijd-Hoogewys, Alexander Koutamanis, Carolien Rieffe

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Review journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Disability barriers autistic girls face in secondary education: A systematic review.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yung-Ting TsouUnit of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6557-5153
Lilla Veronika KovácsUnit of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Angeliki LouloumariUnit of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Lex StockmannUnit of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Els M A Blijd-HoogewysINTER-PSY, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5045-8920
Alexander KoutamanisFaculty of Architecture & the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-0355-1276
Carolien RieffeUnit of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7584-6698

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

School-based interventions for socially including autistic pupils in mainstream schools were systematically reviewed. Included interventions targeted at least one level of the school environment: the autistic children, the peers, the staff, and/or the physical environment, and assessed autistic pupils' quantity and/or quality of social participation as outcome measures. Findings from 56 studies showed increased accessibility of school activities to autistic pupils, but the reciprocity and friendship between the autistic pupils and the peers were not necessarily improved. Moreover, limited interventions were available for modifying the physical environment. A more holistic strategy that moves the focus from individual children's social skills to the larger context surrounding children, should be considered for a better inclusion of autistic children in school routine.

Indexed as

AutismMainstream SchoolsSchool-Based InterventionSocial InclusionSystematic Review

Identifiers

PMID41868250
PMCPMC13002751

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.