Observational studyPloS one2026

GLIMSI: A real-world, multicenter study assessing the effectiveness and safety of Sitagliptin + Glimepiride + Metformin FDC in Indian patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Kunal Zaveri, Girish Kulkarni, Rathish Nair, Govarthanan Shanmugan, Shubhada Amol Dharmadhikari, R P S Makkar, Rahul Jalgaonkar, B D Chatterjee, Krishnaprasad Korukonda, GLIMSI Investigator(s) Study Panel

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in PloS one, 2026. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. Not yet cited in PubMed.

1number the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against

Glycemic controlcomparator not stated · t2dfeeds one cell of the map
ls decrease -0.77p < 0.0001
Significant improvements were observed in glycemic parameters over 12 weeks: HbA1c levels decreased from 8.20 ± 0.60% to 7.08 ± 0.77% (p < 0.0001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) from 188.54 ± 47.59 mg/dL to 146.01 ± 41.53 mg/dL (p < 0.0001), and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) from 234.74 ± 50.40 mg/dL to 179.40 ± 42.51 mg/dL (p < 0.0001).

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

Diet, exercise & lifestyle×glycemic control

No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →

5 readable studies in this cell: 3 favour the treatment, 2 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.99replicated · 2 families support, 0 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kunal ZaveriInternal Medicine, Vishesh Clinic, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Girish KulkarniMedical Affairs, Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-0217
Rathish NairMedical Affairs, Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1990-8878
Govarthanan ShanmuganEndocrinology, Dr. Govarthanan's Diabetic Clinic, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Shubhada Amol DharmadhikariEndocrinology, Shivalay Diabetic clinic, Kolhapur, Maharastra, India.
R P S MakkarInternal Medicine, Life Line Hospital, East Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Rahul JalgaonkarEndocrinology, Health Insight, Dombivli, Maharashtra, India.
B D ChatterjeeEndocrinology, Sundaram Clinic, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India.
Krishnaprasad KorukondaMedical Affairs, Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1409-0230
GLIMSI Investigator(s) Study Panel

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

backgroundType-2-diabetes-mellitus (T2DM), often linked to obesity, raises risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. International guidelines recommend triple-therapy to reach haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) targets when dual therapy fails to adequately control blood glucose levels. Sitagliptin, enhances glycaemic control by prolonging incretin action, boosting insulin secretion, and lowering glucagon levels. When combined with glimepiride and metformin this triple-therapy targets multiple mechanisms. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of this combination for improved T2DM management in Indian patients.

methodThis real-world, multicentre, observational chart review evaluated the efficacy and safety of a triple fixed-dose combination therapy in 1235 adult patients with T2DM across 194 clinical sites in India. Data were retrospectively extracted from patient records over a 12-week period. Descriptive and analytical statistics was applied for the study endpoints using SPSS ver. 29.0.1.0(171) and Microsoft Excel 2019.

resultThe study population had a mean age of 56.89 ± 10.29 years, with 64.70% reporting a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Smoking was identified as a prominent risk factor, affecting 38.65% of participants. Significant improvements were observed in glycemic parameters over 12 weeks: HbA1c levels decreased from 8.20 ± 0.60% to 7.08 ± 0.77% (p < 0.0001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) from 188.54 ± 47.59 mg/dL to 146.01 ± 41.53 mg/dL (p < 0.0001), and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) from 234.74 ± 50.40 mg/dL to 179.40 ± 42.51 mg/dL (p < 0.0001). Additionally, body weight significantly reduced from 75.99 ± 8.67 kg to 74.76 ± 9.07 kg (p < 0.0001). No significant safety concerns identified during the treatment period.

conclusionThe triple-combination therapy (sitagliptin, glimepiride, and metformin) demonstrated superior efficacy in achieving glycemic control, as evidenced by significant reductions in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG). Furthermore, the therapy facilitated meaningful weight reduction, highlighting its clinical utility as a comprehensive therapeutic option for managing glycemic parameters in both T2DM with overweight and normal-weight patients.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsMetforminSitagliptin PhosphateSulfonylurea CompoundsAdultAgedBlood GlucoseDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansIndiaMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesBlood GlucoseglimepirideGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminSitagliptin PhosphateSulfonylurea Compounds

Identifiers

PMID41650186
PMCPMC12880711

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.