Beam steering for single antenna element using different optical lens.

This paper presents a beam steering technique using optical lenses with a single antenna element, According to changing the illuminator element, the theoretical design of a hemispherical dielectric lens and an inhomogeneous dielectric flat lens modeled with various materials can increase and steer the radiation in a certain direction. The wavelength at which the nanoantenna functions is 1550 nm. The components of the plasmonic nanoantenna are silicon, silicon dioxide, and silver. The light inside the nanoantenna radiates vertically from the bottom to the top when it is lit from below. The gain of the nanoantenna is 8.46 dBi. The radiation efficiency rises when the lens is placed on top of the antenna because of the lens's proportional construction. Two elements that significantly improve the antenna's efficiency are the materials used to make the lens and the form of the lens. We chose two kinds of lenses: the flat lens, which is made up of 17 layers of various materials, and the hemispherical dielectric lens. To get the most gain and efficiency, the lenses are positioned above the nanoantenna. Additionally, the ability to steer the beam by moving the nanoantenna in accordance with various feeding points along the X and Z directions. Beam steering angles of ± 25° and ± 29° were attained by the hemispherical and flat lenses, respectively. Any lens can generally increase a nanoantenna's efficiency, albeit different lenses offer varying degrees of efficiency and gain.