Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40001610›Full record

ReviewBiomolecules2025

Ultra-Processed Foods and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: What Is the Evidence So Far?

Natalia G Vallianou, Angelos Evangelopoulos, Ilektra Tzivaki, Stavroula Daskalopoulou, Andreas Adamou, Georgia Chrysi Michalaki Zafeiri, Irene Karampela, Maria Dalamaga, Dimitris Kounatidis

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomolecules, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Observational
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. School as Marketplace for Promoting Unhealthy Snack Consumption Among Children in Northern Thailand.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Natalia G VallianouFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3874-5393
Angelos EvangelopoulosRoche Diagnostics Hellas S.A., 15125 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-6186-5276
Ilektra TzivakiFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece.
Stavroula DaskalopoulouFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece.
Andreas AdamouFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece.
Georgia Chrysi Michalaki ZafeiriFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece.
Irene KarampelaSecond Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-6912-4042
Maria DalamagaDepartment of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-7008-388X
Dimitris KounatidisDiabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-4338-4879

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are foods that have undergone extensive industrial processing with the addition of various substances in order to make them more tasty, eye-catching, and easy to consume. UPFs are usually rich in sugars, salt, and saturated fat, whereas they lack essential nutrients. The aim of this review is to elaborate upon the current evidence associating overconsumption of UPFs with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We will discuss data interconnecting UPFs and T2DM risk and will further describe specific ingredients that have been suggested to increase this risk. In addition, we will thoroughly explain how additives, such as emulsifiers or sweeteners, or other compounds formed during manufacturing, such as acrylamide and acrolein, and during packaging, such as bisphenol-A, are proposed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Fast FoodsFood HandlingFood, ProcessedHumansInsulin Resistanceadditivesartificial sweetenersbisphenol-Atype 2 diabetes mellitusultra processed foods

Identifiers

PMID40001610
PMCPMC11852733

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.