ReviewRestorative dentistry & endodontics2024
Sample size determination for conducting a pilot study to assess reliability of a questionnaire.
Review in Restorative dentistry & endodontics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- School-based interventions of menstrual hygiene management in Indonesia: systematic literature review.BMC women's health · 2026Pooled it
- A validated Arabic version of the clinical learning evaluation questionnaire for medical students and interns.Medical education online · 2026Article
- Cross-cultural translation and psychometric validation of the Arabic Intermittent Catheterization Adherence Scale (ICAS): a bicentric study.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Genetic literacy assessment among medical students using the Indonesian adaptation of the University of North Carolina Genomic Knowledge Scale.Journal of community genetics · 2026Article
- Sample Size Determination for Pilot Studies Based on Event Thresholds: A Framework for Evaluating Feasibility of Research Processes.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among University Students in Mogadishu: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Integrating first-person smart glasses video into oral and maxillofacial surgery education: a mixed-methods study on student learning and experience.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Beyond the binary: a nationwide study of physician decision orientations toward artificial hydration in terminal cancer care.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Patient perspectives on follow-up CT scans after treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC): a cross-sectional questionnaire study.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- Concordance Between Patient-Reported and Clinically Documented Symptoms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Oncology nursing forum · 2026Article
- Translation and initial psychometric evaluation of the Danish version of the treatment expectation questionnaire (TEX-Q).Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Article
- Evaluating clinical psychology doctoral students' competence in delivering CBT for chronic pain.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Acceptability of Hypertension Quality Indicators in Primary Care in South Africa: Exploratory Implementation Research.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Arabic translation, cross-cultural adaptation, feasibility, acceptability, and initial psychometric evaluation of the hot flushes diary and the hot flush rating scale and diary interference scale (HFRDIS) in young breast cancer survivors.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Article
- Perceptions, challenges, and innovations in educational rehabilitation for students with intellectual disabilities in Saudi Arabia.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the Fear of Cancer Scale.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Article
- Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Malay Version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for Low Back Pain.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- [Breast MRI: Kaiser score agreement with and without diffusion].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Observational
- The effect of segmented-interactive video demonstration on student performance in procedural skills among healthcare students.Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice · 2026Article
- Menopause comfort scale: a scale development study.BMC women's health · 2026Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article is a narrative review that discusses the recommended sample size requirements to design a pilot study to assess the reliability of a questionnaire. A list of various sample size tables that are based on the kappa agreement test, intra-class correlation test and Cronbach's alpha test has been compiled together. For all calculations, type I error (alpha) was set at a maximum value of 0.05, and power was set at a minimum value of 80.0%. For the kappa agreement test, intra-class correlation test, and Cronbach's alpha test, the recommended minimum sample size requirement based on the ideal effect sizes shall be at least 15, 22, and 24 subjects respectively. By making allowances for a non-response rate of 20.0%, a minimum sample size of 30 respondents will be sufficient to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The clear guideline of minimum sample size requirement for the pilot study to assess the reliability of a questionnaire is discussed and this will ease researchers in preparation for the pilot study. This study provides justification for a minimum requirement of a sample size of 30 respondents specifically to test the reliability of a questionnaire.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.