SynthesisNutrients2023
Nutrient Intake and Status in Children and Adolescents Consuming Plant-Based Diets Compared to Meat-Eaters: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vegan diet and nutritional status in infants, children and adolescents: A position paper based on a systematic search by the ESPGHAN Nutrition Committee.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- A 10-month cluster-randomized trial to shift towards plant-forward meals in early childhood education and care centres: effects on bone and mineral metabolism in Finnish children.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Urinary metabolomic profiling to identify the impact of the increased intake of whole grains, vegetables, and fruits in healthy adolescents.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Plant-Based Diets in Adolescence: Cardiometabolic Benefits, Developmental Risks, and the Role of Fortification.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Sustainable Plant-Based Diets in Children and Adolescents: Current Evidence on Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Health.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Shifting to Plant-Based Protein Diets Alters Nutrient Adequacy Across Age Groups: A Dutch Dietary Modeling Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Parental food provisioning behaviours and perceptions in relation to environmentally sustainable diets for young children.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- Climate awareness and lower-meat eating among children and adolescents: potential behavioral pathways and contextual conditions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- Bone and mineral metabolism in 2-7-year-old Finnish children and their caregivers following vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous diets.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Selenium, zinc, and copper intake and status of vegetarian, vegan, and omnivore children and adolescents: results of the VeChi youth study.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- The Biological Value of Proteins for Pediatric Growth and Development: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Micronutrient intake and nutritional status in 16-to-24-year-olds adhering to vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian or omnivorous diets in Sweden.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- An evaluation and optimization of nutrition, environmental footprint, and food waste in Italian primary school menus: a case study.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Nutrient Intake Adequacy among Adults in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Absorption of Iron Naturally Present in Soy.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Review
- Building blocks of life: improving nutrition and health outcomes through fortification and breastfeeding in the first 1000 days of a child's life.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Dietary intake among youth adhering to vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian or omnivorous diets in Sweden.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Characterising nutritional composition and labelling of packaged infant foods in Canada.Journal of nutritional science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Health authorities increasingly recommend sustainable and healthy diets rich in plant foods and with moderate amounts of animal foods. However, there are concerns about whether such diets can meet all nutrient requirements, especially in children and adolescents, who have relatively high nutrient needs for growth and development. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the nutrient intake and status of children and adolescents (2-18 y) consuming plant-based (i.e., vegetarian and vegan) diets compared to those of meat-eating children following a systematic literature review of studies published between 2000 and 2022. Mean intake and status data of nutrients were calculated across studies and benchmarked to dietary reference values and cut-off values for nutrient deficiencies. A total of 30 studies were included (15 in children 2-5 y, 24 in children 6-12 y, and 11 in adolescents 13-18 y). In all diets, there were risks of inadequate intakes of vitamin D and calcium. Children consuming meat had a risk of inadequate folate and vitamin E intake; and mean fiber, SAFA, and PUFA intakes were not in line with the recommendations. Children consuming plant-based diets risked inadequate vitamin B12, iron, and zinc intakes. In contrast to vegans, vegetarian children may not meet the recommended intakes of fiber, SAFA, and possibly PUFA, but their mean intakes were more favorable than in meat-eating children. Although the data are limited and need further validation, our findings indicate that there are risks of nutritional inadequacies in all diet groups. Therefore, increasing consumption of a variety of plant-based foods, in combination with food fortification and supplementation where needed, is recommended for children and adolescents to have sustainable and nutritionally adequate diets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.