ArticleHumanities & social sciences communications2023
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Impact of artificial intelligence on human loss in decision making, laziness and safety in education.
Article in Humanities & social sciences communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 297 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of ChatGPT and DeepSeek in Urology Medical Education: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- The effectiveness of large language models in medical AI research for physicians: A randomized controlled trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- AI Integration in Undergraduate Medical Education: Qualitative Study of Faculty Perspectives in the United Arab Emirates.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- Anxiety and Depression Associated With the Dependent Use of Generative AI in Medical Students: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- AI-integrated microfluidics for drug screening: From single cell to organ-on-a-chip.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Structured Integration of an Artificial Intelligence-Based System for the Optical Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps.Gut and liver · 2026Article
- Unpacking the relationship between self-control and academic engagement: the mediating role of meaning in life and the moderating role of GenAI dependence.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Psychological drivers and barriers affecting students' sustained usage intention of AIGC tools in educational settings: an integrated perspective of Uses and Gratifications Theory and Perceived Value Theory.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The relationship between dependence on artificial intelligence and creative thinking dispositions among graduate students in sport sciences.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The impact of university students' computational thinking on AI literacy: A longitudinal study based on SEM-PLS.PloS one · 2026Article
- The impact of university students' AI attitudes on AI-assisted creativity: the mediating role of AI usage motivation and the moderating role of AI dependency.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal associations between generative artificial intelligence adoption and university PE teachers' professional competence.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Mapping teachers' awareness of artificial intelligence in the changing education paradigm: insights from a mixed methods inquiry.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- An Open-Source, AI-Supported Teaching Tool in Orthodontic Education-Assessment of Acceptance and Effectiveness.Journal of dental education · 2025Article
- The Nature and Measure of Critical Thinking: The PACIER Framework and Assessment.Journal of Intelligence · 2025Article
- Trust the Machine or Trust Yourself: How AI Usage Reshapes Employee Self-Efficacy and Willingness to Take Risks.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- AI in clinical diagnostics: Is overreliance eroding clinical expertise?PLOS digital health · 2025Article
- Evolutionary Trajectories of Consciousness: From Biological Foundations to Technological Horizons.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Validation of persian version of Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES): a study among Iranian University students.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- An open letter to graduate students and other procrastinators: it's time to write.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on loss in decision-making, laziness, and privacy concerns among university students in Pakistan and China. Like other sectors, education also adopts AI technologies to address modern-day challenges. AI investment will grow to USD 253.82 million from 2021 to 2025. However, worryingly, researchers and institutions across the globe are praising the positive role of AI but ignoring its concerns. This study is based on qualitative methodology using PLS-Smart for the data analysis. Primary data was collected from 285 students from different universities in Pakistan and China. The purposive Sampling technique was used to draw the sample from the population. The data analysis findings show that AI significantly impacts the loss of human decision-making and makes humans lazy. It also impacts security and privacy. The findings show that 68.9% of laziness in humans, 68.6% in personal privacy and security issues, and 27.7% in the loss of decision-making are due to the impact of artificial intelligence in Pakistani and Chinese society. From this, it was observed that human laziness is the most affected area due to AI. However, this study argues that significant preventive measures are necessary before implementing AI technology in education. Accepting AI without addressing the major human concerns would be like summoning the devils. Concentrating on justified designing and deploying and using AI for education is recommended to address the issue.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.