Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36610752›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2023

The ESKAPE mobilome contributes to the spread of antimicrobial resistance and CRISPR-mediated conflict between mobile genetic elements.

João Botelho, Adrian Cazares, Hinrich Schulenburg

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
7.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  5. Plasmids of the multidrug-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
    Article
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  7. Review
  8. Article
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  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. The extended mobility of plasmids.Nucleic acids research · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

João BotelhoAntibiotic Resistance Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2771-2345
Adrian CazaresEMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Hinrich SchulenburgAntibiotic Resistance Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1413-913X
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel · DEEuropean Bioinformatics Institute · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) mediate the shuffling of genes among organisms. They contribute to the spread of virulence and antibiotic resistance (AMR) genes in human pathogens, such as the particularly problematic group of ESKAPE pathogens. Here, we performed the first systematic analysis of MGEs, including plasmids, prophages, and integrative and conjugative/mobilizable elements (ICEs/IMEs), across all ESKAPE pathogens. We found that different MGE types are asymmetrically distributed across these pathogens, and that most horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events are restricted by phylum or genus. We show that the MGEs proteome is involved in diverse functional processes and distinguish widespread proteins within the ESKAPE context. Moreover, anti-CRISPRs and AMR genes are overrepresented in the ESKAPE mobilome. Our results also underscore species-specific trends shaping the number of MGEs, AMR, and virulence genes across pairs of conspecific ESKAPE genomes with and without CRISPR-Cas systems. Finally, we observed that CRISPR spacers found on prophages, ICEs/IMEs, and plasmids have different targeting biases: while plasmid and prophage CRISPRs almost exclusively target other plasmids and prophages, respectively, ICEs/IMEs CRISPRs preferentially target prophages. Overall, our study highlights the general importance of the ESKAPE mobilome in contributing to the spread of AMR and mediating conflict among MGEs.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsInterspersed Repetitive SequencesDrug Resistance, BacterialGene Transfer, HorizontalHumansPlasmidsProphagesAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID36610752
PMCPMC9841420
OpenAlexW4313704751

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.