Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35652820›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2022

Nonfermented Dairy Intake, but Not Fermented Dairy Intake, Associated with a Higher Risk of Depression in Middle-Age and Older Finnish Men.

Meghan Hockey, Erin Hoare, Mohammadreza Mohebbi, Tommi Tolmunen, Sari Hantunen, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Helen Macpherson, Heidi Staudacher, Felice N Jacka, Jykri K Virtanen and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03221127 (Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03221127 active not recruitingnot on this map

Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (Nutrition Component)

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of Eastern FinlandRan1984 to 2052Enrolled2,682ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, Cancer
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Review
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  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Meghan HockeyIMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Erin HoareIMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Mohammadreza MohebbiFaculty of Health, Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Tommi TolmunenDepartment of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Sari HantunenInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Tomi-Pekka TuomainenInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Helen MacphersonFaculty of Health, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Heidi StaudacherIMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Felice N JackaIMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Jykri K VirtanenInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-0648-999X
Tetyana RocksIMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Anu RuusunenIMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Food & Mood Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the putative health benefits of fermented dairy products, evidence on the association between fermented dairy and nonfermented dairy intake, and depression incidence is limited.

objectivesThis study examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between total dairy, fermented dairy, and nonfermented dairy intake with 1) the presence of elevated depressive symptoms and 2) the risk of a future hospital discharge or outpatient diagnosis of depression.

methodsData from 2603 Finnish men (aged 42-60 y), recruited as part of the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, were included. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine ORs and 95% CIs for elevated depressive symptoms (Human Population Laboratory scale ≥5 points) at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs between dairy categories and risk of depression diagnoses.

resultsIn cross-sectional analyses, fermented dairy intake in the highest (compared with lowest) tertile was associated with lower odds of having elevated depressive symptoms (adjusted OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.96). Each 100-g increase in nonfermented dairy intake was associated with higher odds of having elevated depressive symptoms (adjusted OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10). During a mean follow-up time of 24 y, 113 males received a diagnosis of depression. After excluding cheese intake, higher fermented dairy intake was associated with a lower risk of depression diagnosis (adjusted HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.03), which was strengthened after excluding those with elevated depressive symptoms at baseline (adjusted HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.99), whereas nonfermented dairy intake in the highest tertile was associated with a 2-fold higher risk of depression (adjusted HR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.20, 3.42).

conclusionsFermented dairy and nonfermented dairy intake were differentially associated with depression outcomes when examined cross-sectionally and over a mean period of 24 y. These findings suggest that dairy fermentation status may influence the association between dairy intake and depression in Finnish men. The KIHD study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03221127.

Indexed as

Cultured Milk ProductsDietCross-Sectional StudiesDairy ProductsDepressionFinlandHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk Factorsdairydepressionfermented foodsmental healthmilknutrition

Identifiers

PMID35652820
PMCPMC9361734

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.