ReviewPlants (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Chemical Diversity of Flavan-3-Ols in Grape Seeds: Modulating Factors and Quality Requirements.
Review in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Grape Variety and Storage Conditions on Polyphenols Stability and Antioxidant Capacities of Grape Seed Extracts.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Georgian Grapes and Wines as a Source of Phenolic Compounds: Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Traditional Winemaking.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Polyphenol metabolites in fermented foods: biotransformation, bioavailability, and functional roles.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Impact of winemaking technologies on polyphenolic composition and wine microbiome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective potential of the natural polyphenol Procyanidin B2 in spinal cord injury: a comprehensive study utilizing machine learning, network pharmacology, andFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Improving the Antioxidant Potential of Berry Crops Through Genomic Advances and Modern Agronomic and Breeding Tools.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2025Review
- Grape Winemaking By-Products: Current Valorization Strategies and Their Value as Source of Tannins with Applications in Food and Feed.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Grape Pomace: A Review of Its Bioactive Phenolic Compounds, Health Benefits, and Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Red Grape By-Products from the Demarcated Douro Region: Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant Potential and Antimicrobial Activity against Food-Borne Pathogens.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An in-depth study of anthocyanin synthesis in the exocarp of virescens and nigrescens oil palm: metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Cookies Fortified with Polyphenols Extracts: Impact on Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, Inhibition of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Enzyme, Colour and Sensory Attractiveness.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Craft Beer Produced by Immobilized Yeast Cells with the Addition of Grape Pomace Seed Powder: Physico-Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Properties.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Metabolomic Profiling of the Flavonoid Compounds in Red Wine Grapes and the Impact of Training Systems in the Southern Subtropical Region of China.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Classification of grape seed residues from distillation industries in Europe according to the polyphenol composition highlights the influence of variety, geographical origin and color.Food chemistry: X · 2024Article
- Exploitation of Natural By-Products for the Promotion of Healthy Outcomes in Humans: Special Focus on Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms and Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Electrophilic Compounds in the Human Diet and Their Role in the Induction of the Transcription Factor NRF2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effects of free and encapsulatedFood science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Evolution of Seed-Soluble and Insoluble Tannins during Grape Berry Maturation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome by Phytochemicals and Vitamin D.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Evaluation of the Phytochemistry-Therapeutic Activity Relationship for Grape Seeds Oil.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Grape seeds are a rich source of flavan-3-ol monomers, oligomers, and polymers. The diverse profile of compounds includes mainly B-type procyanidins (especially C4→C8 linked molecules) and the key monomers, catechin, and epicatechin that are positively implicated in the 'French Paradox'. Today grape seed nutraceuticals have become a multi-million-dollar industry. This has created incentives to elucidate the variations in chemistry across cultivars, to identify signs of adulteration, and to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling the expression of metabolites in the seeds' metabolome. This review provides a critical overview of the existing literature on grape seed chemistry. Although the biosynthetic pathways for polymeric procyanidins in seeds have not yet been explained, abiotic factors have been shown to modulate associated genes. Research of extrinsic factors has demonstrated that the control of procyanidin expression is strongly influenced, in order of importance, by genotype (species first, then variety) and environment, as claimed anecdotally. Unfortunately, research outcomes on the effects of abiotic factors have low certainty, because effects can be specific to genotype or variety, and there is limited control over physical metrics in the field. Thus, to gain a fuller understanding of the effects of abiotic factors and biosynthetic pathways, and realise potential for optimisation, a more fundamental research approach is needed. Nevertheless, the current synthesis offers insight into the selection of species or varieties according to the profile of polyphenols, as well as for optimisation of horticultural practices, with a view to produce products that contain the compounds that support health claims.
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Registered trials
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