ArticleBMJ global health2022
Gender-based violence during COVID-19 among adolescent girls and young women in Nairobi, Kenya: a mixed-methods prospective study over 18 months.
Article in BMJ global health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of infectious disease outbreaks and violence against women and girls: changes in magnitude, mechanisms and lessons for the future.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- The Prevalence of Physical Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review With Implications for Probable Violence-Caused Brain Injury Among Child Bearers.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Peer-to-Peer Chain Recruitment for Enrolling Young South African Women into an HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Intervention Study: How Did It Perform?AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
- A Mixed-Method Evaluation of the Association Between Attitudes Toward Gender-Based Violence and Sexual Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Rustenburg, South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Intimate partner violence trajectories over a 1-year period in a population-based cohort of women in Kenya: associations with individual and community normative factors.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- A descriptive phenomenological study of school-related gender-based violence: lived experiences of symbolic violence, harassment, and systemic complicity in a mixed secondary school in Nairobi, Kenya.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Intimate partner and family violence and mental health during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a multi-country survey.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Mixed-method longitudinal investigation of sexual and gender-based violence following COVID-19 in South Africa.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Gender-transformative HIV and SRHR programme approaches for adolescents and young people: a realist review to inform policy and programmes.BMJ global health · 2024Review
- A Mixed Methods Exploration of Young Women's Agency and Mental Health during COVID-19 in Low-Income Communities in Mumbai, India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Intimate partner violence and postpartum healthcare access in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- HIV Vulnerabilities Associated with Water Insecurity, Food Insecurity, and Other COVID-19 Impacts Among Urban Refugee Youth in Kampala, Uganda: Multi-method Findings.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and government restrictions on the lives of young adults living with HIV in Kisumu, Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Examining gender and sexual orientation differences in physical intimate partner violence experienced and perpetrated by youth living in eThekwini district South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Changing patterns in the burden of paediatric injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study in Mozambique's central hospitals.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Against Women.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2023Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAdolescent girls and young women (AGYW) disproportionately experience gender-based violence (GBV), which can increase during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsA cohort of youth ages 15-24 in Nairobi, Kenya was surveyed at three time points over an 18-month period prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: June-August 2019 (prepandemic), August-October 2020 (12-month follow-up) and May 2021 (18-month follow-up). We characterise (1) prevalence, relative timing and help-seeking for leading forms of GBV, (2) GBV trajectories over 18 months and (3) associations of individual, dyad and COVID-related factors on GBV trajectories among AGYW (n=612) in Nairobi, Kenya. Virtual focus group discussions (n=12) and interviews (n=40) contextualise quantitative results.
resultsIntimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence hovered at 17% across time points (ever at pre-pandemic; past 12 months at 12-month follow-up (2020); past 6 months at 18-month follow-up (2021)); non-partner sexual violence (SV) was 3% at 12-month and 18-month follow-up. Overall, 27.6% of AGYW experienced IPV during the pandemic. IPV during the pandemic was associated with work as the primary pre-COVID activity, low social support and partner age difference >4 years. Among AGYW partnered at all three time points, 66.2% stayed IPV-free (no IPV), 9.2% saw IPV resolve by 18-month follow-up, while 11.1% had IPV start and 13.6% experienced intermittent IPV. Help-seeking for IPV and SV in 2020 (11.1% and 4.6%, respectively) increased to 21.7% and 15.1%, respectively, by 2021. Qualitative results speak to impacts of curfews, and pandemic-related financial stress in prompting conflict and threatening traditional gender roles, and underlying conditions that enable IPV.
conclusionThe persistence of IPV against AGYW in Nairobi prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic reflects endemic conditions and pandemic-specific stressors. Youth, including unmarried youth, remain a priority population for GBV prevention and survivor-centred response.
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