ArticleNutrition journal2022
Sodium content of restaurant dishes in China: a cross-sectional survey.
Article in Nutrition journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Emergy-Based Sustainability Evaluation and Optimization Scenarios for 341 Chinese Home-Cooked Dishes.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Food types, preparation methods, and use of high-sodium seasonings in chain restaurants in Jamaica-implications for sodium consumption and food policy.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Establishment and validation of NQICD: a new nutrient profiling model for evaluating Chinese dishes.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Association of table salt use with sleep patterns and depressive symptoms: population-based analysis with external clinical replication.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Population-Based Sodium Reduction Strategies in China: Protocol for a Study Using a Combined Quantitative and Qualitative Approach.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- Can behavioural nudges promote reduced-salt dish orders on meal delivery apps?Public health · 2025Article
- Barriers to hydration and dietary sodium reduction for kidney stone prevention: a population-based study with 12-month clinical outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Independent and combined association of milk tea and takeaway food consumption on depression, anxiety, and comorbid symptoms among Chinese university students.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Disease Burden Attributable to High Sodium Intake in China: A Longitudinal Study from 1990 to 2019.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to high sodium intake: a longitudinal study in 1990-2019 in China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Enhancing Public Health Competencies via Action on Salt China - China, 2017-2022.China CDC weekly · 2023Article
- Article
- Association between Eating Habits and Sodium Intake among Chinese University Students.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Street Food in Malaysia: What Are the Sodium Levels?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSodium intake in China is extremely high and eating in restaurants is increasingly popular. Little research has explored the sodium level of restaurant dishes. The present study aims to assess the content and sources of sodium in Chinese restaurants.
methodsCross-sectional data were obtained from the baseline survey of the Restaurant-based Intervention Study (RIS) in 2019. A total of 8131 best-selling restaurant dishes with detailed recipes from 192 restaurants in China were included. Sodium content per 100 g and per serving were calculated according to the Chinese Food Composition Table. The proportion of restaurant dishes exceeding the daily sodium reference intake level in a single serving and the major sources of sodium were determined.
resultsMedian sodium content in restaurant dishes were 487.3 mg per 100 g, 3.4 mg per kcal, and 2543.7 mg per serving. For a single serving, 74.9% of the dishes exceeded the Chinese adults' daily adequate intake for sodium (AI, 1500 mg per day), and 62.6% of dishes exceeded the proposed intake for preventing non-communicable chronic diseases (PI, 2000 mg per day). Cooking salt was the leading source of sodium in Chinese restaurant dishes (45.8%), followed by monosodium glutamate (17.5%), food ingredients (17.1%), soy sauce (9.4%), and other condiments/seasonings (10.2%). More types of salted condiments/seasonings use were related to higher sodium level.
conclusionsThe sodium levels in Chinese restaurant dishes are extremely high and variable. In addition to cooking salt, other salted condiments/seasonings also contribute a large proportion of sodium. Coordinated sodium reduction initiatives targeting the main sources of sodium in restaurant dishes are urgently needed.
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