ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate as a Novel Vaccine Adjuvant.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances and challenges in avian influenza vaccines: From conventional approaches to next-generation strategies.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
- Preliminary evaluation of a DDA cationic liposome-based pulmonary mucosal immunization platform carrying a SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived branched peptide.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Evaluating Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Polysaccharide Nucleic Acid as an Adjuvant for Influenza Vaccines in Mice.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Immunological and structural evaluation of the intranasally administrated CVB1 whole-virus and VLP vaccines.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Humic/Fulvic Acid Plus Epigallocatechin Gallate Treatment: A Retrospective Chart Review.Cureus · 2025Article
- Immune aging and infectious diseases.Chinese medical journal · 2024Review
- Comparison of structure and immunogenicity of CVB1-VLP and inactivated CVB1 vaccine candidates.Research square · 2024Article
- Insights into vaccines for elderly individuals: from the impacts of immunosenescence to delivery strategies.NPJ vaccines · 2024Review
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- Epigallocatechin Gallate-Modified Silver Nanoparticles Show Antiviral Activity against Herpes Simplex Type 1 and 2.Viruses · 2023Article
- The Therapeutic Potential of Natural Dietary Flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Ethyl Gallate Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Promoting IFITM3 Expression, Lysosomal Acidification and Protease Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Apigenin improves cytotoxicity of antiretroviral drugs against HTLV-1 infected cells through the modulation of AhR signaling.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Article
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- Particulate Cell Wall Materials ofVeterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Pharmacological Potential of Flavonoids against Neurotropic Viruses.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Functional foods with antiviral activity.Food science and biotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants from natural resources have been utilized for enhancing vaccine efficacy against infectious diseases. This study examined the potential use of catechins, polyphenolic materials derived from green tea, as adjuvants for subunit and inactivated vaccines. Previously, catechins have been documented to have irreversible virucidal function, with the possible applicability in the inactivated viral vaccine platform. In a mouse model, the coadministration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) antigens induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies, comparable to that induced by alum, providing complete protection against the lethal challenge. Adjuvant effects were observed for all types of HA antigens, including recombinant full-length HA and HA1 globular domain, and egg-derived inactivated split influenza vaccines. The combination of alum and EGCG further increased neutralizing (NT) antibody titers with the corresponding hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers, demonstrating a dose-sparing effect. Remarkably, EGCG induced immunoglobulin isotype switching from IgG1 to IgG2a (approximately >64-700 fold increase), exerting a more balanced T
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.