ReviewGenes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society2021
Metabolism and biomarkers of heterocyclic aromatic amines in humans.
Review in Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2-Amino-3-methylimadazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) induces cytochrome P450 1A through the canonical AhR-XRE pathway in human hepatocytes.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Network toxicology and molecular docking identify BRCA1 as a functional target of the dietary carcinogen PhIP in colorectal cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Heat-Induced Toxicants: Sensory Appeal Distracts Consumers' Attention From Potential Toxicological Risks of Thermally Processed Foods.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Development of a DNA damage assay system using stable human hepatocytes.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2026Article
- In-depth Biological Monitoring to Estimate Effects of Red or Processed Meat on Colorectal Cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2026Article
- Health Risk Assessment of Dietary Chemical Exposures: A Comprehensive Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evolution of hepatology practice in Mexico and Latin America: From biochemical markers to genomic medicine.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Mini-review: Human N-acetyltransferase genetic polymorphisms in susceptibility to aromatic amine and alkylaniline genotoxicity.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Review
- Health effects associated with consumption of processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages and trans fatty acids: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Risk-based in silico mutagenic assessment of benzodiazepine impurities using three QSAR tools.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Double-Edged Sword Effect of Diet and Nutrition on Carcinogenic Molecular Pathways in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Tracking Aromatic Amines from Sources to Surface Waters.Environmental science & technology letters · 2024Review
- Understanding exposomes and its relation with cancer risk in Malaysia based on epidemiological evidence: a narrative review.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2024Review
- High-throughput screening of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome for 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline resistance identifies colon cancer-associated genes.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Article
- Food-Borne Chemical Carcinogens and the Evidence for Human Cancer Risk.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Cooked Meat Carcinogen 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-Chemical research in toxicology · 2022Review
- Consumption of Thermally Processed Meat Containing Carcinogenic Compounds (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines) versus a Risk of Some Cancers in Humans and the Possibility of Reducing Their Formation by Natural Food Additives-A Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Potential Role of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Neurodegeneration.Chemical research in toxicology · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) form during the high-temperature cooking of meats, poultry, and fish. Some HAAs also arise during the combustion of tobacco. HAAs are multisite carcinogens in rodents, inducing cancer of the liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, mammary, and prostate glands. HAAs undergo metabolic activation by N-hydroxylation of the exocyclic amine groups to produce the proposed reactive intermediate, the heteroaryl nitrenium ion, which is the critical metabolite implicated in DNA damage and genotoxicity. Humans efficiently convert HAAs to these reactive intermediates, resulting in HAA protein and DNA adduct formation. Some epidemiologic studies have reported an association between frequent consumption of well-done cooked meats and elevated cancer risk of the colorectum, pancreas, and prostate. However, other studies have reported no associations between cooked meat and these cancer sites. A significant limitation in epidemiology studies assessing the role of HAAs and cooked meat in cancer risk is their reliance on food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to gauge HAA exposure. FFQs are problematic because of limitations in self-reported dietary history accuracy, and estimating HAA intake formed in cooked meats at the parts-per-billion level is challenging. There is a critical need to establish long-lived biomarkers of HAAs for implementation in molecular epidemiology studies designed to assess the role of HAAs in health risk. This review article highlights the mechanisms of HAA formation, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, the metabolism of several prominent HAAs, and the impact of critical xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes on biological effects. The analytical approaches that have successfully biomonitored HAAs and their biomarkers for molecular epidemiology studies are presented.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.