ArticleACS omega2021
4-Vinylguaiacol, an Active Metabolite of Ferulic Acid by Enteric Microbiota and Probiotics, Possesses Significant Activities against Drug-Resistant Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.
Article in ACS omega, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Deciphering the Chemotherapeutic Mechanism of Ferulic Acid: Insight Into the Role Against Multiple Human Cancers.Cancer innovation · 2026Review
- Effect of different cooking methods on the sensory, nutritional, and flavor profiles of threeFood chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Phytochemical Profiling, Bioactivity Evaluation and In Silico Insights Onto Goniothalamus simonsii Hook. f. Thoms.: An Endangered Medicinal Plant.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Article
- 4-Vinylguaiacol in Citri Reticulatae 'Chachiensis' Pericarpium Volatile Oil: A Microbial-Mediated Aging Marker Enhances Glucose Metabolism.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biotransformation of Phenolic Acids in Foods: Pathways, Key Enzymes, and Technological Applications.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Combination strategies of gut microbiota in cancer therapy through metabolic reprogramming and immune remodeling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Anticancer potential of hydroxycinnamic acids: mechanisms, bioavailability, and therapeutic applications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Potential Therapeutic Efficacy of Ferulic Acid and Its Derivatives in the Management of Cancers: A Comprehensive Analysis With Mechanistic Insight.International journal of food science · 2025Review
- Targeting the gut microbiota: a new strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Exploring the immunometabolic potential of Danggui Buxue Decoction for the treatment of IBD-related colorectal cancer.Chinese medicine · 2024Review
- An approach for an enhanced anticancer activity of ferulic acid-loaded polymeric micelles via MicroRNA-221 mediated activation of TP53INP1 in caco-2 cell line.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of sorghum varieties on microbial communities and volatile compounds in the fermentation of light-flavor Baijiu.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Challenges and advances in biotechnological approaches for the synthesis of canolol and other vinylphenols from biobased p-hydroxycinnamic acids: a review.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2023Review
- Intake of polyphenols from cereal foods and colorectal cancer risk in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Molecular mechanism of ferulic acid and its derivatives in tumor progression.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2023Review
- Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine as sensitizer in reversing chemoresistance of colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Ferulic Acid: A Natural Phenol That Inhibits Neoplastic Events through Modulation of Oncogenic Signaling.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Therapeutic approaches to colorectal cancerFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ferulic acid, a hydroxycinnamic acid, is abundant in vegetables, grains, and medicinal plants. Emerging evidence suggests that ferulic acid may exert beneficial effects against colorectal cancer. However, the anticancer activity of ferulic acid is relatively low, and its metabolism after oral administration is largely unknown. In this study, mimicking the enteric environment, human intestinal microflora and commercial probiotics were used to metabolize ferulic acid to its metabolites, and their anticancer activities were evaluated. Ferulic acid can be biotransformed to 4-vinylguaiacol (2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol), and the contents of ferulic acid and 4-vinylguaiacol in bio-transformed extracts were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using the chemotherapy-sensitive cell line HCT-116 and the chemo-resistant cell line HT-29, the cell proliferation was determined by the modified trichrome stain assay. The cell cycle and induction of apoptosis were assayed using flow cytometry. HPLC data showed that there was a marked transformation from ferulic acid to 4-vinylguaiacol, and the conversion rates of intestinal microflora and four probiotics were from 1.3 to 36.8%. Both ferulic acid and 4-vinylguaiacol possessed dose- and time-related anticancer activities on the two cell lines, while 4-vinylguaiacol showed more potent effects than ferulic acid. Interestingly, 4-vinylguaiacol exhibited significantly higher antiproliferative effects on the HT-29 cell line than that on HCT-116. The IC50 of the metabolite 4-vinylguaiacol on HT-29 cells was 350 μM, 3.7-fold higher than its parent compound. The potential of cancer cell growth inhibition of 4-vinylguaiacol was mediated by cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and induction of apoptosis. Data from this study indicate that the oral administration of ferulic acid offers a promising approach to increase its anticancer activity through gut microbial conversion to 4-vinylguaiacol, and the biotransformation could also be achieved by selected commercial probiotics. 4-Vinylguaiacol is a potential anticancer metabolite from ferulic acid for chemotherapy-resistant colon cancer cells.
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Registered trials
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