ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2018
Effect on public health of a possible increase of the maximum level for 'aflatoxin total' from 4 to 10 μg/kg in peanuts and processed products thereof, intended for direct human consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mycotoxin-Linked Mutations and Cancer Risk: A Global Health Issue.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of contamination of aflatoxin MEnvironmental monitoring and assessment · 2021Pooled it
- Balancing Nutritional Value and Food Safety in Peanut Butter: The Role of Food Matrix Characteristics in Hazard Behavior and Risk Management.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Assessment of Aflatoxins and Heavy Metals inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multiple Aflatoxins Drive Cumulative Dietary Exposure and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: An Age-Stratified Study in Guangzhou, China.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Global Regulatory Mandates as Drivers for Advanced Chemical Analysis in Food Safety.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Disease Burden Estimation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Attributable to Dietary Aflatoxin Exposure in Sichuan Province, China.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Traditional Meat Products-A Mycotoxicological Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Dried Fruits Worldwide, with a Focus on Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A: A Review.Toxins · 2023Review
- Mycotoxins and Essential Oils-From a Meat Industry Hazard to a Possible Solution: A Brief Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- An improved Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression for rapid quantification of total aflatoxins in commercial chicken feeds and food grains.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2022Article
- Mycotoxins' Toxicological Mechanisms Involving Humans, Livestock and Their Associated Health Concerns: A Review.Toxins · 2022Review
- Aflatoxins: History, Significant Milestones, Recent Data on Their Toxicity and Ways to Mitigation.Toxins · 2021Review
- Predicted Aflatoxin BToxins · 2021Review
- Review
- The Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Nuts and Dry Nuts Packed in Four Different Plastic Packaging from the Romanian Market.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Environment Changes, Aflatoxins, and Health Issues, a Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Risk assessment of aflatoxins in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2020Article
- Retrospective and Prospective Look at Aflatoxin Research and Development from a Practical Standpoint.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion regarding the effect on public health of a possible increase of the maximum level (ML) for 'aflatoxin total' (AFT; sum of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1 and aflatoxin G2) from 4 to 10 μg/kg in peanuts and processed products thereof. Aflatoxins are genotoxic and cause hepatocellular carcinomas in humans. The Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) evaluated 8,085 samples of peanuts and 472 samples of peanut butter, with > 60% left-censored. The mean concentration of AFT in peanuts was 2.65/3.56 μg/kg (lower bound (LB)/upper bound (UB)) with a maximum of 1,429 μg/kg. The mean concentration in peanut butter was 1.47/1.92 μg/kg (LB/UB) with a maximum of 407 μg/kg. Peanut oil was not included since all data were left-censored and the ML does not apply for oil. Exposure was calculated for a 'Current ML' and 'Increased ML' scenario, and mean chronic exposure estimates for consumers only, amounted to 0.04-2.74 ng/kg body weight (bw) per day and 0.07-4.28 ng/kg bw per day, respectively. The highest exposures were calculated for adolescents and other children. The CONTAM Panel used the cancer potencies estimated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives for the risk characterisation. Under the scenario of the current ML, the cancer risk was estimated to range between 0.001 and 0.213 aflatoxin-induced cancers per 100,000 person years. Under the scenario of the increased ML, it ranged between 0.001 and 0.333 aflatoxin-induced cancers per 100,000 person years. Comparing these data calculated under the current ML scenario with the yearly excess cancer risk of 0.014 shows a higher risk for consumers of peanuts and peanut butter in some surveys. The calculated cancer risks indicate that an increase of the ML would further increase the risk by a factor of 1.6-1.8.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.