ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2017
Re-evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of metabolism and safety aspects of monosodium glutamate intake in infants and lactating mothers: a scientific and regulatory perspective.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Glutamic acid intake by formula-fed infants: are acceptable daily intakes appropriate?European journal of pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Calcitriol and candesartan mitigate monosodium glutamate-exacerbated metabolic syndrome and MASLD/MASH in rats: modulation of GLuR5/Ketohexokinase/FoxO1 axis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Glutamate: Safe and Adequate Intake Levels for Infants-Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Umami induces pulmonary epithelial senescence via L-glutamic acid-triggered minority MOMP.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Dietary exposure to food additives in ultra-processed foods: implications for gut microbiome, metabolic health, and risk assessment.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- In Vitro Investigation of the Effects of the Food Additives Monosodium Glutamate and Allura Red AC on the human Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Cell Lines.Journal of food science · 2025Article
- The effects of in ovo administered of monosodium glutamate on the liver development in chicken embyos.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Unmasking the relationship between CGRP and glutamate: from peripheral excitation to central sensitization in migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Chemical Food Safety in Europe Under the Spotlight: Principles, Regulatory Framework and Roadmap for Future Directions.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Approach for systematically assessing study reliability and relevance in evaluations of monosodium glutamate safety.Current research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of the nutritional quality of plant-based and traditional meat products across European markets.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Microbial conversion of vegetable waste for flavor additives via solid-state fermentation: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- In Vivo and In Vitro Studies Assessing the Safety of Monosodium Glutamate.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Investigation of monosodium glutamate content in flavors, seasonings, and sauces from local markets in Turkey.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Cramp-Fasciculation Syndrome Associated with Natural and Added Chemicals in Popular Food Items.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Isolation and Identification of Novel Taste-ModulatingJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2024Article
- Article
- Central amygdala is related to the reduction of aggressive behavior by monosodium glutamate ingestion during the period of development in an ADHD model rat.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Disruptive consequences of monosodium glutamate on male reproductive function: A review.Current research in toxicology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of glutamic acid-glutamates (E 620-625) when used as food additives. Glutamate is absorbed in the intestine and it is presystemically metabolised in the gut wall. No adverse effects were observed in the available short-term, subchronic, chronic, reproductive and developmental studies. The only effect observed was increased kidney weight and increased spleen weight; however, the increase in organ weight was not accompanied by adverse histopathological findings and, therefore, the increase in organ weight was not considered as an adverse effect. The Panel considered that glutamic acid-glutamates (E 620-625) did not raise concern with regards to genotoxicity. From a neurodevelopmental toxicity study, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg body weight (bw) per day could be identified. The Panel assessed the suitability of human data to be used for the derivation of a health-based guidance value. Although effects on humans were identified human data were not suitable due to the lack of dose-response data from which a dose without effect could be identified. Based on the NOAEL of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg bw per day from the neurodevelopmental toxicity study and applying the default uncertainty factor of 100, the Panel derived a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as glutamic acid, for glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620-625). The Panel noted that the exposure to glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620-625) exceeded not only the proposed ADI, but also doses associated with adverse effects in humans for some population groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.