SynthesisSystematic reviews2020
The impact of vitamin D food fortification and health outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-regression.
Synthesis in Systematic reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Impact of consumption of vitamin D fortified foods on serum vitamin D concentrations and vitamin D status in families living in Pune, India: an effectiveness study.European journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- From the Vitamin D Paradox to Precision Nutrition: Targeted Supplementation, Assay Pitfalls, and Clinical Decision-Making.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Population Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status in Kazakhstan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Effects on Pregnancy Outcomes.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Effect of vitamin D-fortified foods on bone health and osteoporosis: a scoping review and future policies focusing on the United Arab Emirates.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Identification of Priority Nutrients in the US: Targeting Malnutrition to Address Diet-Related Disease Across the Lifespan.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Sexual dimorphism in LC-MS/MS-based vitamin D metabolite profiling and nutrition-acquired biochemical osteomalacia among adolescents.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Evaluating the student nutrition improvement program: regional disparities and nutritional trends in Yunnan, China (2019-2023).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A blueprint for vitamin D fortification in sugar: stability and health impact.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Course of Vitamin D Levels in Newly Diagnosed Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients over One Year with Quarterly Controls and Substitution.Nutrients · 2024Observational
- Priority nutrients to address malnutrition and diet-related diseases in Australia and New Zealand.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Vitamin D testing in children and adolescents in Victoria, Australia: are testing practices in line with global recommendations?Archives of disease in childhood · 2023Article
- Fortification of Staple Foods for Household Use with Vitamin D: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.Nutrients · 2023Review
- 25OHVitamin D Levels in a Canarian Pediatric Population with and without Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Acidosis.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- Perspective: School Meal Programs Require Higher Vitamin D Fortification Levels in Milk Products and Plant-Based Alternatives-Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2001-2018).Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Effects of Vitamin D3 Fortified Low-fat Dairy Products on Bone Density Measures in Adults with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2022Article
- Adjunctive vitamin D therapy in various diseases in children: a scenario according to standard guideline.BMC pediatrics · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveVitamin D (vitD) deficiency is a global childhood health problem. Food fortification is a promising strategy to curb vitD deficiency. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of utilizing vitD fortification in staple foods to improve 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and to reduce the prevalence of vitD deficiency among healthy children.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the use of vitD fortified food products compared to no fortification among healthy children aged 1-18 years old. We searched Medline, Embase, Global Health, and Cochrane (CENTRAL) databases from database inception until May 2019. Independently, six reviewers in pairs screened titles and abstracts, assessed the full text for eligibility, and performed data extraction and quality assessment. The primary outcome is the impact of fortification on 25(OH)D concentration. The secondary outcomes included the impact of fortification on the prevalence of vitD deficiency, school performance, cognitive function, school absences, infection rate, hospital admission length, and compliance with fortified food product consumption.
resultsWe identified 2229 articles. After assessing eligibility, 20 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The eligible RCTs assessed the fortification of milk, cereal, juice, bread, yogurt, and cheese compared with no fortification. All RCTs, except for three, had a low risk of bias. Food fortification improved 25(OH)D concentration by a mean difference (MD) of 15.51 nmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.28, 24.74; I
conclusionVitD food fortification is an effective way to improve 25(OH)D concentration, prevent vitD deficiency, and improve IQ levels. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42017057631.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.