Trial reportEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2020
The Effect of Prenatal Treatments on Offspring Events in the Presence of Competing Events: An Application to a Randomized Trial of Fertility Therapies.
Trial report in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Maternal Preconception Adiposity in Human Offspring Sex and Sex Ratio.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Trial
- Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: Analysis From the UK, Norway, and Sweden.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Pregnancy identification method as a source of bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Impact of Increasing Midwifery-Led Prenatal Care on Birth Outcomes: An Application of the g-Formula and Target Trial Emulation.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Selection Biases in Perinatal Research: A Comparison of Inverse Probability Weighting, Instrumental Variable and Sibling-Comparison Design.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Healthy Live Births as Censoring Versus Competing Events in Studies of Prenatal Medication Use.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Causal Approaches to Disease Progression Analyses.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of sustained leisure-time physical activity strategies for obesity-related cancer prevention: an emulated target trial in a prospective US cohort.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Accounting for Twins and Other Multiple Births in Perinatal Studies of Live Births Conducted Using Healthcare Administration Data.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and children's neurodevelopmental outcomes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Internal validation of gestational age estimation algorithms in health-care databases using pregnancies conceived through fertility procedures.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Patterns of paternal medication dispensation around the time of conception.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2024Article
- Metformin Use in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Risk for Nonlive Birth and Congenital Malformations: Emulating a Target Trial Using Real-World Data.Annals of internal medicine · 2024 · on this mapObservational
- Association of platinum-based chemotherapy with live birth and infertility in female survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer.Fertility and sterility · 2024Article
- Causal relationships between pain, medical treatments, and knee osteoarthritis: A graphical causal model to guide analyses.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2024Article
- Estimating Post-treatment Recurrence After Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Among Patients With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Impact of Assumptions About Death and Missing Follow-up.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Accounting for Twins and Other Multiple Births in Perinatal Studies Conducted Using Healthcare Administration Data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Reevaluating the protective effect of smoking on preeclampsia risk through the lens of bias.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Review
- Preconception contraceptive use and miscarriage: prospective cohort study.BMJ medicine · 2023Article
- Sensitivity analysis for live birth bias in the Ulaanbaatar Gestation and Air Pollution Research study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
When studying the effect of a prenatal treatment on events in the offspring, failure to produce a live birth is a competing event for events in the offspring. A common approach to handle this competing event is reporting both the treatment-specific probabilities of live births and of the event of interest among live births. However, when the treatment affects the competing event, the latter probability cannot be interpreted as the causal effect among live births. Here we provide guidance for researchers interested in the effects of prenatal treatments on events in the offspring in the presence of the competing event "no live birth." We review the total effect of treatment on a composite event and the total effect of treatment on the event of interest. These causal effects are helpful for decision making but are agnostic about the pathways through which treatment affects the event of interest. Therefore, based on recent work, we also review three causal effects that explicitly consider the pathways through which treatment may affect the event of interest in the presence of competing events: the direct effect of treatment on the event of interest under an intervention to eliminate the competing event, the separable direct and indirect effects of treatment on the event of interest, and the effect of treatment in the principal stratum of those who would have had a live birth irrespective of treatment choice. As an illustrative example, we use a randomized trial of fertility treatments and risk of neonatal complications.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.