ArticlePharmacoEconomics2020
A Comparison of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L.
Article in PharmacoEconomics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Health-related quality of life in patients with psoriasis in Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of EQ-5D utility scores.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Psychometric properties of the health-related quality of life instrument with 8 items: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Pooled it
- Administration-order effects in head-to-head comparisons of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L descriptive systems: evidence from a randomised general-population panel in Great Britain.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Patients with MASH experience worse health-related quality of life: a multinational real-world study using LiverMultiScan.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Economic Evaluation of the Addition of Vancomycin to Cefazolin Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Arthroplasty.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Trial
- A randomised equivalence study of the EQ-5D-5L Shona versions: evaluation of measurement equivalence between digital and paper formats.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Trial
- Proxy reports on the EQ-5D-5L in residential aged care facilities: a validation study.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Trial
- Improvements in health-related quality of life in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia after exagamglogene autotemcel.Blood advances · 2025Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of the ReDIRECT/counterweight-plus weight management programme to alleviate symptoms of long COVID.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Chair-based yoga programme for older adults with multimorbidity: RCT with embedded economic and process evaluations.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2024Trial
- Posterior cervical foraminotomy versus anterior cervical discectomy for Cervical Brachialgia: the FORVAD RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2023Trial
- Health economic evaluation of a randomized controlled trial (EMBLA study), an internet-based treatment for provoked vulvodynia.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Impact of tanezumab on health status, non-work activities and work productivity in adults with moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Trial
- Measurement properties of EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in recording self-reported health status in older patients with substantial multimorbidity and polypharmacy.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2020Trial
- A retrospective case-series of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with 5 to 15 years follow-up after segmental pedicle screw instrumentation.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- Factor structure and measurement invariance of the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire: a secondary analysis of the Korea Health Panel survey.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2026Article
- Influenza Vaccine Uptake in the Elderly: Biopsychosocial Vulnerabilities and Effectiveness of a Community-Health Worker Administered Preventive Program.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Measuring health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: comparing the acceptability, validity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L and MSIS-8D.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Mapping Health State Utility from Disease-Specific Measures in Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Article
- Analysing the impact of complex multimorbidity on health-related quality of life.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe EQ-5D-3L (3L) and EQ-5D-5L (5L) are both frequently used measures of health status. Previous studies have found the EQ-5D-5L to have superior measurement properties but no study has compared the two measures in a large general population survey using matched respondents.
methodsUsing data from the GP Patient Survey, coarsened exact matching was used to match individuals completing the 3L in 2011 with those completing the 5L in 2012. Measurement properties were assessed for a general population and multimorbid population (chronic conditions ≥ 2), with ceiling effects, informativity and distribution of response compared. Changes in the direction of response, as well as the impact on utility distributions, were quantified.
resultsMatching resulted in a cohort of 1,023,218 respondents (2011: 511,609; 2012: 511,609) for analysis. Ceiling effects for the 5L were lower than the 3L (43.8% vs. 54.4%). The 5L had improved informativity and broader spread of responses than the 3L (5L top 50 profiles: 77.4% vs. 3L: 98.8%). Overall, there was an upwards shift in utility values for the 5L versus the 3L as respondents using the 5L reported ill health more frequently but with less severity. Measurement improvements and effects on utility values were more pronounced for the multimorbid population.
conclusionThe 5L had superior measurement properties than the 3L and should be preferred in general population surveys and for use in individuals with multimorbidity. At increasing levels of morbidity, the 5L is currently associated with higher utility values than the 3L.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.