Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31994792›Full record

ArticleDyslexia (Chichester, England)2020

Early and late diagnosed dyslexia in secondary school: Performance on literacy skills and cognitive correlates.

Loes Bazen, Madelon van den Boer, Peter F de Jong, Elise H de Bree

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Dyslexia (Chichester, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Linguistic and Cognitive Abilities in Children with Dyslexia: A Comparative Analysis.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Loes BazenResearch Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7203-8943
Madelon van den BoerResearch Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Peter F de JongResearch Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Elise H de BreeResearch Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
University of Amsterdam · NL

Funding

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek 023.005.007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although a diagnosis of dyslexia is often made during elementary school, severe and persistent literacy difficulties of a considerable group of students are only noticed during secondary school. The question arises whether the literacy(-related) deficits of these late identified students with dyslexia differ from those of early diagnosed students. To address this question, 10th Grade Dutch secondary school students with early (n = 35) and late (n = 19) identified dyslexia and their peers with average to good literacy abilities (n = 24) were compared on literacy skills and underlying cognitive skills. At the group level, both students with an early and late diagnosis performed more poorly than their typical peers, but they did not differ from each other on (pseudo-)word reading, spelling and underlying cognitive correlates (phonemic awareness, rapid automatized naming and visual attention span). The early and late group contained comparable percentages of students performing poorly on most measures. There were, however, more students in the early group who showed deficits in phonemic awareness. Our results indicate that students with early and late diagnosed dyslexia are highly comparable. Suggestions for fitting interventions are discussed.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdolescent DevelopmentAge of OnsetDyslexiaFemaleHumansLiteracyMaleSchoolsStudentscognitive correlatesdyslexiaearly identificationlate identificationliteracy

Identifiers

PMID31994792
PMCPMC7687086
OpenAlexW3004375054

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.