ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Enhancing human learning via spaced repetition optimization.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
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- Increasing Readiness for Early Integrated Palliative Oncology Care: Development and Initial Evaluation of the EMPOWER 2 Intervention.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2021Trial
- Spaced learning versus traditional learning for pharmacists implementing β-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring.American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists · 2026Article
- From bugs to bots: learning infectious diseases in the AI era.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Exploring the effectiveness and awareness of Anki flashcard application on medical student's academic performance: a cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Practice makes better? The influence of increased practice on task conflict in the Stroop task.Memory & cognition · 2025Article
- Assessment of simulation training efficacy in improving microsurgical skills: a retrospective analysis.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- Implementation of a spaced-repetition approach to enhance undergraduate learning and engagement in paediatrics.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- A Mentoring Network for Diversity in Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research.Journal of dental research · 2024Article
- The graduate school guide: How to prepare for the qualifying exam and assemble a thesis/graduate committee.Journal of cellular physiology · 2024Review
- Development and evaluation of a pre-clerkship spiral curriculum: data from three medical school classes.Medical education online · 2023Article
- The significance of information and communication technology education via tablets in college of physical therapy.Journal of physical therapy science · 2023Article
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- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Romanian Postgraduate Periodontal Residency Teaching: Past Experience, Present Imperatives and Future Considerations in a Multicentric Evaluation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- FAST Heroes: Results of Cross-Country Implementation of a Global School-Based Stroke Education Campaign.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Large-scale randomized experiments reveals that machine learning-based instruction helps people memorize more effectively.NPJ science of learning · 2021Article
- The advantage of distributed practice in a blended learning setting.Education and information technologies · 2021Article
- Assessing and Improving the Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections among High School Adolescents.Dermatology research and practice · 2021Article
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6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spaced repetition is a technique for efficient memorization which uses repeated review of content following a schedule determined by a spaced repetition algorithm to improve long-term retention. However, current spaced repetition algorithms are simple rule-based heuristics with a few hard-coded parameters. Here, we introduce a flexible representation of spaced repetition using the framework of marked temporal point processes and then address the design of spaced repetition algorithms with provable guarantees as an optimal control problem for stochastic differential equations with jumps. For two well-known human memory models, we show that, if the learner aims to maximize recall probability of the content to be learned subject to a cost on the reviewing frequency, the optimal reviewing schedule is given by the recall probability itself. As a result, we can then develop a simple, scalable online spaced repetition algorithm, MEMORIZE, to determine the optimal reviewing times. We perform a large-scale natural experiment using data from Duolingo, a popular language-learning online platform, and show that learners who follow a reviewing schedule determined by our algorithm memorize more effectively than learners who follow alternative schedules determined by several heuristics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.