ArticlePloS one2018
Characterization of the antibacterial activity of Bald's eyesalve against drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reviving the past for a healthier future: ancient molecules and remedies as a solution to the antibiotic crisis.Future microbiology · 2025Review
- Metabolic Deficits in the Retina of a Familial Dysautonomia Mouse Model.Metabolites · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive NMR Analysis of Serum and Fecal Metabolites in Familial Dysautonomia Patients Reveals Significant Metabolic Perturbations.Metabolites · 2023Article
- A case study of the Ancientbiotics collaboration.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Review
- Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Garlic (TheScientificWorldJournal · 2022Article
- Antibacterial Properties of Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic (Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- The safety profile of Bald's eyesalve for the treatment of bacterial infections.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Anti-biofilm efficacy of a medieval treatment for bacterial infection requires the combination of multiple ingredients.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial properties of hydrophobic compounds in garlic: Allicin, vinyldithiin, ajoene and diallyl polysulfides.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Review
- From Treatise to Test: Evaluating Traditional Remedies for Anti-Biofilm Potential.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- QuantitativeMetabolites · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bald's eyesalve is an Anglo-Saxon medicinal remedy that has been used through ancient times to treat eye sty infections and may represent a source of ancientbiotics. This study assessed the efficacy of Bald's eyesalve against several strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including a multi-drug resistant phenotype, and identified the principal compound conveying antibacterial activity. Bald's eyesalve formulations were produced by combining garlic, onion or leek, wine, bovine bile, and brass, with specific ingredient omissions in several formulations, followed by incubation at 4 °C for 9 days. Bald's eyesalve formulation ES-GBBr exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Fractionation of ES-GBBr using molecular size exclusion and organic solvent partitioning isolated its antibacterial activity to the small molecule nonpolar fraction, and 1D 1H NMR revealed the identity of the antibacterial agent to be allicin. Depletion of allicin from this fraction by addition of exogenous cysteine established that all observable growth inhibition originated from allicin. Quantification of allicin demonstrated that its concentration was significantly greater in ES-GBBr compared to the ES-O formulation; however, this was not due to greater yield. The antibacterial activity of allicin against S. aureus was antagonized by other ingredients within Bald's eyesalve, whereas they were additive or synergistic against P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that neither leek nor onion is necessary for the antibacterial efficacy of Bald's eyesalve against S. aureus or P. aeruginosa, and while allicin was identified as the principal antibacterial agent present, its activity is influenced differentially in the presence of additional Bald's eyesalve ingredients when used against S. aureus compared to P. aeruginosa. Ancientbiotics may provide a source of promising antibacterials; however, identifying the source of activity and assessing distinct formulations for cooperative effects are essential to using ancient remedies, such as Bald's eyesalve, effectively against drug resistant pathogens.
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