Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2018
Assessing the respective contributions of dietary flavanol monomers and procyanidins in mediating cardiovascular effects in humans: randomized, controlled, double-masked intervention trial.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02728466 (Investigation on the Effects of Cocoa Procyanidins on Vascular Function in Healthy Individuals), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation on the Effects of Cocoa Procyanidins on Vascular Function in Healthy Individuals
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Cocoa Consumption on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of an (-)-Epicatechin Intake on Cardiometabolic Parameters-A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic Impact of Encapsulated Cocoa Powder and Pure Cocoa Ingredients Supplementation: A Comparative Placebo-Controlled RCT in Adults.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Trial
- Short-term cocoa bioflavanol supplementation does not improve cold-induced vasodilation in young healthy adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Trial
- Effect of cocoa flavanol supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease events: the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Metabolization of Flavan-3-ol Oligomers by Eggerthella lenta, a Human Gut Bacterium.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Impact of cocoa flavanols on blood pressure and vascular function: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Microvascular endothelial dysfunction in vascular senescence and disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Availability of dietary secoisolariciresinol diglucoside on borderline blood cholesterol level in men: a randomized, parallel, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2024Article
- Resveratrol and beyond: The Effect of Natural Polyphenols on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Procyanidins from Cranberry Press Residues-Extraction Optimization, Purification and Characterization.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Chardonnay Marc as a New Model for Upcycled Co-products in the Food Industry: Concentration of Diverse Natural Products Chemistry for Consumer Health and Sensory Benefits.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2022Review
- In Vitro Faecal Fermentation of Monomeric and Oligomeric Flavan-3-ols: Catabolic Pathways and Stoichiometry.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2022Article
- Bioactives in the Food Supply: Effects on CVD Health.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2022Review
- Determination of Cocoa Flavanols and Procyanidins (by Degree of Polymerization DP1-7) in Cocoa-Based Products by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled With Fluorescence Detection: Collaborative Study.Journal of AOAC International · 2022Article
- The Gut Microbiota and Vascular Aging: A State-of-the-Art and Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Design and baseline characteristics of participants in the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS).Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Article
- Assessing Variability in Vascular Response to Cocoa With Personal Devices: A Series of Double-Blind Randomized Crossover n-of-1 Trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- ( -)-Epicatechin and cardiometabolic risk factors: a focus on potential mechanisms of action.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2022Review
- Proanthocyanidins and Where to Find Them: A Meta-Analytic Approach to Investigate Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Distribution, and Effect on Human Health.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Flavanols are an important class of food bioactives that can improve vascular function even in healthy subjects. Cocoa flavanols (CFs) are composed principally of the monomer (-)-epicatechin (∼20%), with a degree of polymerisation (DP) of 1 (DP1), and oligomeric procyanidins (∼80%, DP2-10). Objective: Our objective was to investigate the relative contribution of procyanidins and (-)-epicatechin to CF intake-related improvements in vascular function in healthy volunteers. Design: In a randomized, controlled, double-masked, parallel-group dietary intervention trial, 45 healthy men (aged 18-35 y) consumed the following once daily for 1 mo: 1) a DP1-10 cocoa extract containing 130 mg (-)-epicatechin and 560 mg procyanidins, 2) a DP2-10 cocoa extract containing 20 mg (-)-epicatechin and 540 mg procyanidins, or 3) a control capsule, which was flavanol-free but had identical micro- and macronutrient composition. Results: Consumption of DP1-10, but not of either DP2-10 or the control capsule, significantly increased flow-mediated vasodilation (primary endpoint) and the concentration of structurally related (-)-epicatechin metabolites (SREMs) in the circulatory system while decreasing pulse wave velocity and blood pressure. Total cholesterol significantly decreased after daily intake of both DP1-10 and DP2-10 as compared with the control. Conclusions: CF-related improvements in vascular function are predominantly related to the intake of flavanol monomers and circulating SREMs in healthy humans but not to the more abundant procyanidins and gut microbiome-derived CF catabolites. Reduction in total cholesterol was linked to consumption of procyanidins but not necessarily to that of (-)-epicatechin. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02728466.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.