ArticleJournal of traumatic stress2018
When Nowhere Is Safe: Interpersonal Trauma and Attachment Adversity as Antecedents of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Developmental Trauma Disorder.
Article in Journal of traumatic stress, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tracing the paths: a systematic review of mediators of complex trauma and complex post-traumatic stress disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Validity, Reliability, and Clinical Utility of Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD) Symptom Criteria.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2022Pooled it
- Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents With Psychiatric Disorders. A Narrative Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Advancing the Use of Restorative Practices to Lessen Inequities in Punitive Discipline and Build Safe, Inclusive, and Nurturing Learning Environments for Traumatized Students.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- 'What Do People With Long Covid Want From Healthcare Services?' A Qualitative Exploration From Lived Experience.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Neuroception of psychological safety scale (NPSS): validation with a UK based adult community sample.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- The Psychopathological Domains of Attachment Trauma: A Proposal for a Clinical Conceptualization.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Conceptualizing Attachment Trauma: A Developmental Trauma Perspective.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- A rationale and framework for sharing mindfulness in trauma-dense communities in South Africa.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2025Article
- Adversity, Trauma Symptoms and the Effectiveness of an Australian Individualised Developmental Trauma Intervention Program.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2025Article
- Barriers and Facilitators to Psychological Safety During Medical Procedures Among Individuals Diagnosed with Chronic Illness in Childhood.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- From Surviving to Thriving: A Trauma-Informed Yoga Intervention for Adolescents and Educators in Rural Montana.Education sciences · 2024Article
- Complex Trauma from Child Abuse and Neglect "Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2024Article
- Helping Institutionalised Children through a Trusting Relationship-Findings from a One-Year Psychosocial Intervention Programme.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring networks of complex developmental trauma symptomatology among children and adolescents involved in child welfare.JCPP advances · 2024Article
- Trust-Based Relational InterventionChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Trauma in the lives of parents experiencing severe perinatal mental illness.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions on the Impact of Trauma Exposure in Foster Care: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2023Article
- Quality of the Parent-Child Relationship as a Moderator of Witnessing Violence and Youth Trauma Symptoms.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Developmental trauma disorder (DTD) has been proposed as clinical framework for the sequelae of complex trauma exposure in children. In this study, we investigated whether DTD is associated with different traumatic antecedents than posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a multisite sample of 236 children referred from pediatric or mental health treatment, DTD was assessed using the DTD Structured Interview. Trauma history was assessed using the Traumatic Events Screening Instrument (TESI). On an unadjusted basis, both DTD, odds ratios (ORs) = 2.0-3.8, 95% CI [1.17, 7.19]; and PTSD, ORs = 1.8-3.0, 95% CI [1.04, 6.27], were associated with past physical assault and/or abuse, family violence, emotional abuse, neglect, and impaired caregivers; and DTD was associated community violence, OR = 2.7, 95% CI [1.35, 5.43]. On a multivariate basis after controlling for the effects of PTSD, DTD was associated with family and community violence and impaired caregivers, ORs = 2.0-2.5, 95% CI [1.09, 5.97], whereas PTSD was only associated with physical assault and/or abuse after controlling for the effects of DTD, OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.07, 4.99]. Exposure to both interpersonal trauma and attachment adversity was associated with the highest DTD symptom count, controlling for the PTSD symptom count. Although childhood PTSD and DTD share several traumatic antecedents, DTD may be uniquely associated with pervasive exposure to violent environments and impaired caregiving. Therefore, DTD warrants further investigation as a framework for the assessment and treatment of children with histories of interpersonal victimization and attachment adversity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.