ArticleHypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension2018
Urinary sodium excretion and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Chinese population: a prospective study.
Article in Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health behaviors to prevent cardiovascular risk: a systematic review.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Further evidence that methods based on spot urine samples should not be used to examine sodium-disease relationships from the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (November 2018 to August 2019).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Validation of preferred salt concentration in soup based on a randomized blinded experiment in multiple regions in Japan-influence of umami (L-glutamate) on saltiness and palatability of low-salt solutions.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2020Trial
- Long-term intake of miso soup decreases nighttime blood pressure in subjects with high-normal blood pressure or stage I hypertension.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Trial
- Predicting Consumer Purchase Intention for Pre-Prepared Meals Based on Random Forest and Explainable AI (SHAP): A Study in Jilin Province, China.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Associations and mediators of estimated sodium intake with cardiovascular mortality: data based on a national population cohort.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Pre-Prepared Foods Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of College Students in Central China.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Sodium intake and the risk of various types of cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
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- Article
- High-salt intake increases TRPC3 expression and enhances TRPC3-mediated calcium influx and systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2020Article
- Quantitative verification of the effect of using an umami substance (L-glutamate) to reduce salt intake.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2020Article
- Umami and salt reduction.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2020Article
- Relationship of household salt intake level with long-term all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2020Article
- Practical and personal education of dietary therapy in hypertensive patients.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2020Review
- Association of the spot urine sodium-to-potassium ratio with blood pressure is independent of urinary Na and K levels: The Nagahama study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Article
- The optimal amount of salt intake.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effect of dietary sodium (salt) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been debated for a long time. The present study aims to explore whether salt intake affects the risk of cardiovascular disease in the Chinese population. Data from a prospective cohort study that included 954 men and women aged 35-59 years at baseline from four urban and rural population samples in China were used. Each participant collected their overnight urine for three consecutive days during two seasons to estimate sodium intake. CVD events, including incidences of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and death from CVD, and all-cause mortality were tested by Cox proportional hazards models. After a median of 18.6 years of follow-up, CVD events occurred in 81 (8.5%) participants, including 20 CHD and 64 stroke events. All-cause deaths occurred in 149 (15.6%) participants, including 31 CVD-related deaths, 56 cancer-related deaths and 62 other-cause deaths. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for CVD events in each of the sodium excretion tertiles were 1.00, 1.66 (0.79-3.47) and 3.04 (1.46-6.34), P for trend = 0.001. This trend was also found for stroke incidence (P for trend < 0.001). The cardiovascular mortality risk increased as the sodium excretion levels rose after adjusting for confounding factors (P for trend = 0.043). However, this trend was not significant after adjusting for the baseline systolic blood pressure and antihypertensive medication use (P for trend = 0.171). No significant associations were found between sodium excretion and all-cause, cancer-related or other-cause mortality. High urinary sodium excretion was independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the general Chinese population.
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