Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29903847›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2018

Hypoglycemia, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Death: The LEADER Experience.

Bernard Zinman, Steven P Marso, Erik Christiansen, Salvatore Calanna, Søren Rasmussen, John B Buse, LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01179048. Cited by 58 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01179048 phase3completed

A Long-term, Multi-centre, International, Randomised Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Determine Liraglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Events

Ran2010Enrolled9,341Registered outcomes6Posted comparisons20ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Armsliraglutide, Placebo
PMID 28476871PMID 29947247PMID 24176437PMID 30851070PMID 29760228PMID 30508430PMID 30566004PMID 30566006PMID 30260088PMID 25656058PMID 25275271PMID 26855018other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT04730882 completednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Postprandial Hyperglycemia on Vasculature in Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Adults

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of VirginiaRan2021 to 2024Enrolled36ConditionsType 1 Diabetes, Hyperglycemia, PostprandialArmsMixed Meal
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Effects of SGLT2 inhibition on insulin use in CKD and type 2 diabetes: insights from the CREDENCE trial.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025 · on this map
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  13. Efficacy of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with diabetes and heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Bernard ZinmanLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada zinman@lunenfeld.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-0041-1876
Steven P MarsoResearch Medical Center, Kansas City, MO.
Erik ChristiansenNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Salvatore CalannaNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Søren RasmussenNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
John B BuseUniversity of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.ORCID 0000-0002-9723-3876
LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators
Novo Nordisk (Denmark) · DKMount Sinai Hospital · CAResearch Medical Center · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveIn the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results (LEADER) cardiovascular (CV) outcomes trial (NCT01179048), liraglutide significantly reduced the risk of CV events (by 13%) and hypoglycemia versus placebo. This post hoc analysis examines the associations between hypoglycemia and CV outcomes and death. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsPatients with type 2 diabetes and high risk for CV disease (

resultsA total of 267 patients experienced severe hypoglycemia (liraglutide

conclusionsPatients experiencing severe hypoglycemia were at greater risk of CV events and death, particularly shortly after the hypoglycemic episode. While causality remains unclear, reducing hypoglycemia remains an important goal in diabetes management.

Indexed as

AgedCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic AngiopathiesFemaleHumansHypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsIncidenceKidney DiseasesLiraglutideMaleMiddle AgedSurvival RateTreatment OutcomeHypoglycemic AgentsLiraglutide

Identifiers

PMID29903847
OpenAlexW2808654032

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.