ArticlePublic health nutrition2018
Changes in the nutritional quality of fast-food items marketed at restaurants, 2010 v. 2013.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Progress Evaluation for Transnational Restaurant Chains to Reformulate Products and Standardize Portions to Meet Healthy Dietary Guidelines and Reduce Obesity and Non-Communicable Disease Risks, 2000-2018: A Scoping and Systematic Review to Inform Policy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of Climate Change Impact Menu Labels on Fast Food Ordering Choices Among US Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Development of a Three-Component Nutrient Density Calculator (NDC) for Mixed Dishes to Guide Innovation and Reformulation of Recipes.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Analysis of fat, fatty acid profile, and salt content of Iranian restaurant foods during the COVID-19 pandemic: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis.Food science & nutrition · 2021Article
- Diet Quality and Eating Practices among Hispanic/Latino Men and Women: NHANES 2011-2016.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Baseline Assessment of Children's Meals and Healthy Beverage Options Prior to a State-Level Healthy Default Beverage (HDB) Law.Journal of healthy eating and active living · 2021Article
- KIMEHS-Proposal of an Index for Qualitative Evaluation of Children's Menus-A Pilot Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Trends in the Nutrition Profile of Menu Items at Large Burger Chain Restaurants.American journal of preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Fast food intake and excess weight gain over a 1-year period among preschool-age children.Pediatric obesity · 2020Article
- Changes in Fast Food Outlet Availability Near Schools: Unequal Patterns by Income, Race/Ethnicity, and Urbanicity.American journal of preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Characteristics Associated with Household Purchases of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in US Restaurants.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the nutritional quality of menu items promoted in four (US) fast-food restaurant chains (McDonald's, Burger King, Wendy's, Taco Bell) in 2010 and 2013.
designMenu items pictured on signs and menu boards were recorded at 400 fast-food restaurants across the USA. The Nutrient Profile Index (NPI) was used to calculate overall nutrition scores for items (higher scores indicate greater nutritional quality) and was dichotomized to denote healthier v. less healthy items. Changes over time in NPI scores and energy of promoted foods and beverages were analysed using linear regression.
settingFour hundred fast-food restaurants (McDonald's, Burger King, Wendy's, Taco Bell; 100 locations per chain). SUBJECTS: NPI of fast-food items marketed at fast-food restaurants.
resultsPromoted foods and beverages on general menu boards and signs remained below the 'healthier' cut-off at both time points. On general menu boards, pictured items became modestly healthier from 2010 to 2013, increasing (mean (se)) by 3·08 (0·16) NPI score points (P<0·001) and decreasing (mean (se)) by 130 (15) kJ (31·1 (3·65) kcal; P<0·001). This pattern was evident in all chains except Taco Bell, where pictured items increased in energy. Foods and beverages pictured on the kids' section showed the greatest nutritional improvements. Although promoted foods on general menu boards and signs improved in nutritional quality, beverages remained the same or became worse.
conclusionsFoods, and to a lesser extent, beverages, promoted on menu boards and signs in fast-food restaurants showed limited improvements in nutritional quality in 2013 v. 2010.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.