Trial reportNutrients2018
A Walnut-Enriched Diet Affects Gut Microbiome in Healthy Caucasian Subjects: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06551285 (Study of the Effect of a Nutritional Supplement on Microbiota, Metabolic Control, Inflammatory Profile, and Quality of Life in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 70 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of the Effect of a Nutritional Supplement on Microbiota, Metabolic Control, Inflammatory Profile, and Quality of Life in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Nut Intake on Gut Microbiome Composition and Gut Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbes and immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Walnut consumption and health outcomes with public health relevance-a systematic review of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials published from 2017 to present.Nutrition reviews · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Walnut Intake on Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Nut Consumption on Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic and Gastrointestinal Health in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Relating Gut Microbiome and Its Modulating Factors to Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effects of plant-based diets on the body and the brain: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mixed Tree Nuts, Cognition, and Gut Microbiota: A 4-Week, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Nonelderly Adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Adherence to a Supplemented Mediterranean Diet Drives Changes in the Gut Microbiota of HIV-1-Infected Individuals.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Walnuts and Vegetable Oils Containing Oleic Acid Differentially Affect the Gut Microbiota and Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Follow-up of a Randomized, Controlled, Feeding Trial in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
- Replacing Saturated Fat With Walnuts or Vegetable Oils Improves Central Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Trial
- Metabolic phenotypes and the gut microbiota in response to dietary resistant starch type 2 in normal-weight subjects: a randomized crossover trial.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- The effect of walnut consumption on the peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome.Genes & nutrition · 2026Article
- Probiotic and Bioactive Compounds in Foods: From Antioxidant Properties to Gut Microbiota Modulation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Food as Medicine for Hypertension: Microbiota as Mediators.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Review
- Dietary Nut and Legume Intake and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Article
- Systemic Inflammation and the Inflammatory Context of the Colonic Microenvironment Are Improved by Urolithin A.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- The fecal metabolomic signature of a plant-based (vegan) diet compared to an animal-based diet in healthy adult client-owned dogs.Journal of animal science · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regular walnut consumption is associated with better health. We have previously shown that eight weeks of walnut consumption (43 g/day) significantly improves lipids in healthy subjects. In the same study, gut microbiome was evaluated. We included 194 healthy subjects (134 females, 63 ± 7 years, BMI 25.1 ± 4.0 kg/m²) in a randomized, controlled, prospective, cross-over study. Following a nut-free run-in period, subjects were randomized to two diet phases (eight weeks each); 96 subjects first followed a walnut-enriched diet (43 g/day) and then switched to a nut-free diet, while 98 subjects followed the diets in reverse order. While consuming the walnut-enriched diet, subjects were advised to either reduce fat or carbohydrates or both to account for the additional calories. Fecal samples were collected from 135 subjects at the end of the walnut-diet and the control-diet period for microbiome analyses. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing data was clustered with a 97% similarity into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). UniFrac distances were used to determine diversity between groups. Differential abundance was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. All analyses were performed using Rhea. Generalized UniFrac distance shows that walnut consumption significantly affects microbiome composition and diversity. Multidimensional scaling (metric and non-metric) indicates dissimilarities of approximately 5% between walnut and control (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.