Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29246950›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2018

Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Exenatide ER in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): A 56-Week, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Andrew J Ahmann, Matthew Capehorn, Guillaume Charpentier, Francesco Dotta, Elena Henkel, Ildiko Lingvay, Anders G Holst, Miriam P Annett, Vanita R Aroda

4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIIMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01885208. Cited by 290 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
290citing papers in PubMed, 16 pooled it
30.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01885208 phase3completed

Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Exenatide ER 2.0 mg Once-weekly as add-on to 1-2 Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN™ 3 - vs. QW GLP-1)

Ran2013Enrolled813Registered outcomes6Posted comparisons2ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Armsexenatide, semaglutide
PMID 29862621PMID 30615985PMID 29748996PMID 30865526PMID 30047216PMID 29687620PMID 29766634PMID 29907893PMID 30938762PMID 30535837other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT02648204 phase3completed

Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Ran2016Enrolled1,201Registered outcomes28Posted comparisons6ConditionsDiabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsDulaglutide, semaglutide
PMID 29764222PMID 30615985PMID 30362224PMID 30865526PMID 29397376PMID 29557057PMID 31168765PMID 30927241other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT06894784 phase3recruitingstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Semaglutide And Empagliflozin Combination Therapy Added To Automated Insulin Delivery In Adults With Type 1 Diabetes (SEMPA)

Ran2025Enrolled36Registered outcomes13Posted comparisons0ConditionsDiabetes Type 1ArmsIntervention Period 1: Semaglutide + Empagliflozin, Intervention Period 2: Semaglutide + Empagliflozin Placebo, Intervention Period 3: Semaglutide Placebo + Empagliflozin, Intervention Period 4: Semaglutide Placebo + Empagliflozin Placebo
PMID 20616619PMID 36942888PMID 31539622PMID 27295427PMID 28854085PMID 25388240PMID 24947583PMID 27633186PMID 30833170PMID 29397376PMID 36331522PMID 9285204other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT07284511 phase2 / phase3recruitingstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Fully Closed-Loop Glucose Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Tirzepatide: a Randomized, Multi-center, Open-label, Non-inferiority, Parallel Trial

Ran2026Enrolled105Registered outcomes35Posted comparisons0ConditionsT1D, T1DM, T1DM - Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 DiabetesArmsCarbohydrate Counting, No Meal Announcement, Tandem Control-IQ Automated Insulin Delivery System (with Dexcom G7 CGM), Tirzepatide
PMID 39745353PMID 39601745PMID 31539622PMID 27295427PMID 27633186PMID 34170647PMID 37017916PMID 35733769PMID 31189511PMID 30657336PMID 29747423PMID 27621531other papers from this trial
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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

290 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 557 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. Meta-analysis of the Effect of Semaglutide on Blood Pressure in Obese Populations.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2025 · on this map
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  11. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Semaglutide: A Systematic Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024
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  15. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022
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230 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.

Andrew J AhmannHarold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR ahmanna@ohsu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-4544-5404
Matthew CapehornRotherham Institute for Obesity, Clifton Medical Centre, Rotherham, U.K.
Guillaume CharpentierCentre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France.
Francesco DottaDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Elena HenkelCenter for Clinical Studies, GWT-TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Ildiko LingvayDepartments of Internal Medicine and Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.ORCID 0000-0001-7006-7401
Anders G HolstNovo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
Miriam P AnnettNovo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ.
Vanita R ArodaMedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD.
Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien · FRGWT-TUD (Germany) · DEMedStar Health · USNovo Nordisk (Denmark) · DKNovo Nordisk (United States) · USOregon Health & Science University · USRotherham General Hospital · GBThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · USUniversity of Siena · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg s.c. with exenatide extended release (ER) 2.0 mg s.c. in subjects with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsIn this phase 3a, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 813 subjects with type 2 diabetes taking oral antidiabetic drugs were randomized (1:1) to semaglutide 1.0 mg or exenatide ER 2.0 mg for 56 weeks. The primary end point was change from baseline in HbA

resultsMean HbA

conclusionsSemaglutide 1.0 mg was superior to exenatide ER 2.0 mg in improving glycemic control and reducing body weight after 56 weeks of treatment; the drugs had comparable safety profiles. These results indicate that semaglutide treatment is highly effective for subjects with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overBlood GlucoseBody WeightDelayed-Action PreparationsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug Administration ScheduleExenatideFemaleGlucagon-Like PeptidesGlycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleMetforminBlood GlucoseDelayed-Action PreparationsExenatideGlucagon-Like PeptidesGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminPeptidesSemaglutideVenoms

Identifiers

PMID29246950
OpenAlexW2774157762

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.