ArticleJournal of diabetes and its complications2017
Differential effects of metformin on age related comorbidities in older men with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- Association between Drug Therapy and Risk of Incident Frailty: A Systematic Review.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of metformin on adverse outcomes in T2DM patients: Systemic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Association between metformin and neurodegenerative diseases of observational studies: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020 · on this mapPooled it
- Effect of metformin on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery diseases: a systematic review and an updated meta-analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2019Pooled it
- Metformin Use Associated with Reduced Risk of Dementia in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2018 · on this mapPooled it
- Type 1 diabetes, ageing and frailty: an underexplored intersection.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Personalised Approach to the Management of Older People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring the risk of depression and suicide/self-injury in patients receiving GLP-1RAs combined with metformin versus GLP-1RA monotherapy: a real-word analysis of the FAERS database.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Metformin Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Familial Hypercholesterolemia.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Article
- Practical Considerations in the Management of Frail Older People with Diabetes.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Metformin use on the risks of depression and anxiety in people with type 2 diabetes.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Metformin reduces the risk of frailty: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Environmental Enrichment and Metformin Combination Improves Cognitive Function through BDNF and HPA Axis in Chronically Stressed Rats.Current Alzheimer research · 2025Article
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor is Associated with Self-Reported Quality of Sleep in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ghana.Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association · 2024Article
- Drug Repurposing of Metformin for the Treatment of Haloperidol-Related Behavior Disorders and Oxidative Stress: A Preliminary Study.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Metformin: The Winding Path from Understanding Its Molecular Mechanisms to Proving Therapeutic Benefits in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Metformin Impedes Oxidation of LDL In Vitro.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Drugs Targeting Mechanisms of Aging to Delay Age-Related Disease and Promote Healthspan: Proceedings of a National Institute on Aging Workshop.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo identify distinct temporal likelihoods of age-related comorbidity (ARC) diagnoses: cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, depression, dementia, and frailty-related diseases (FRD) in older men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but ARC naïve initially, and assess the heterogeneous effects of metformin on ARCs and mortality.
methodsWe identified a clinical cohort of male veterans in the United States who were ≥65years old with T2D and free from ARCs during 2002-2003. ARC diagnoses during 2004-2012 were analyzed using latent class modeling adjusted for confounders.
resultsThe cohort consisted of 41,204 T2D men with age 74.6±5.8years, HbA1c 6.5±0.97%, and 8393 (20.4%) metformin users. Four ARC classes were identified. 'Healthy Class' (53.6%): metformin reduced likelihoods of all ARCs (from 0.14% in dementia to 6.1% in CVD). 'High Cancer Risk Class' (11.6%): metformin reduced likelihoods of CVD (13.3%), cancer (45.5%), depression (5.0%), and FRD (13.7%). 'High CVD Risk Class' (17.4%): metformin reduced likelihoods of CVD (48.6%), cancer (3.2%), depression (2.8%), and FRD (6.3%). 'High Frailty Risk Class' (17.2%): metformin reduced likelihoods of CVD (18.8%), cancer (3.9%), dementia (3.8%), depression (15.6%), and FRD (23.8%).
conclusionsMetformin slowed ARC development in old men with T2D, and these effects varied by ARC phenotype.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.