ArticleBMC veterinary research2016
Evidence for the presence of African swine fever virus in an endemic region of Western Kenya in the absence of any reported outbreak.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- African Swine Fever Virus Circulation between Tanzania and Neighboring Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2021Pooled it
- Comparative genomic analysis of pigs differing in survival following African swine fever virus infection.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Innate resistance to African swine fever virus: current knowledge and future directions.BMC veterinary research · 2025Review
- Ancestry and genome-wide association study of domestic pigs that survive African swine fever in Uganda.Tropical animal health and production · 2024Article
- African Local Pig Genetic Resources in the Context of Climate Change Adaptation.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Pathology and Clinics of Naturally Occurring Low-Virulence Variants of African Swine Fever Emerged in Domestic Pigs in the South Caucasus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Assessment on the efficacy of methods 2 to 5 and method 7 set out in Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 to inactivate relevant pathogens when producing processed animal protein of porcine origin intended to feed poultry and aquaculture animals.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- An Updated Review ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Innovative Research Offers New Hope for Managing African Swine Fever Better in Resource-Limited Smallholder Farming Settings: A Timely Update.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review of the Pig-Adapted African Swine Fever Viruses in and Outside Africa.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV): Biology, Genomics and Genotypes Circulating in Sub-Saharan Africa.Viruses · 2021Review
- Thoughts on African Swine Fever Vaccines.Viruses · 2021Article
- The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems:Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Review
- Possibilities of establishing a smallholder pig identification and traceability system in Kenya.Tropical animal health and production · 2020Article
- African swine fever: Etiology, epidemiological status in Korea, and perspective on control.Journal of veterinary science · 2020Review
- Drivers, Risk Factors and Dynamics of African Swine Fever Outbreaks, Southern Highlands, Tanzania.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of leptospirosis in slaughter pigs; a neglected public health risk, western Kenya.BMC veterinary research · 2019Article
- Comparative analysis of the fecal microbiota from different species of domesticated and wild suids.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The Genetics of Life and Death: Virus-Host Interactions Underpinning Resistance to African Swine Fever, a Viral Hemorrhagic Disease.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Review
- African swine fever: A re-emerging viral disease threatening the global pig industry.Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAfrican swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a severe haemorrhagic disease of pigs, outbreaks of which can have a devastating impact upon commercial and small-holder pig production. Pig production in western Kenya is characterised by low-input, free-range systems practised by poor farmers keeping between two and ten pigs. These farmers are particularly vulnerable to the catastrophic loss of livestock assets experienced in an ASF outbreak. This study wished to expand our understanding of ASFV epidemiology during a period when no outbreaks were reported.
resultsTwo hundred and seventy six whole blood samples were analysed using two independent conventional and real time PCR assays to detect ASFV. Despite no recorded outbreak of clinical ASF during this time, virus was detected in 90/277 samples analysed by conventional PCR and 142/209 samples analysed by qPCR. Genotyping of a sub-set of these samples indicated that the viruses associated with the positive samples were classified within genotype IX and that these strains were therefore genetically similar to the virus associated with the 2006/2007 ASF outbreaks in Kenya.
conclusionThe detection of ASFV viral DNA in a relatively high number of pigs delivered for slaughter during a period with no reported outbreaks provides support for two hypotheses, which are not mutually exclusive: (1) that virus prevalence may be over-estimated by slaughter-slab sampling, relative to that prevailing in the wider pig population; (2) that sub-clinical, chronically infected or recovered pigs may be responsible for persistence of the virus in endemic areas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.