Observational studyBMC cancer2016
Metformin use and its effect on survival in diabetic patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Observational study in BMC cancer, 2016. The graph read 5 numbers from its abstract, feeding 2 cells of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. It also reports an association that does not count as treatment evidence, such as HR 0.57 (0.36 to 0.90) for glycemic control. It is linked to trial NCT03071705 (Effect of Metformin in Combination With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against
The multivariate analysis revealed that both the use of metformin (HR 0.57 [95 % CI 0.36-0.90]; p = 0.017) and proper glycemic control (HR 0.40 [0.22-071]; p = 0.002) remained significant protective factors in the diabetic patient population (Table 4).
Both the use of metformin (HR 0.53, p < 0.0001 and HR 0.57, p = 0.017, respectively) and proper glycemic control (HR 0.49, p < 0.0001 and HR 0.40, p = 0.002, respectively) were significant protective factors in all and only diabetic patients, respectively.
Both the use of metformin (HR 0.53, p < 0.0001 and HR 0.57, p = 0.017, respectively) and proper glycemic control (HR 0.49, p < 0.0001 and HR 0.40, p = 0.002, respectively) were significant protective factors in all and only diabetic patients, respectively.
Both the use of metformin (HR 0.53, p < 0.0001 and HR 0.57, p = 0.017, respectively) and proper glycemic control (HR 0.49, p < 0.0001 and HR 0.40, p = 0.002, respectively) were significant protective factors in all and only diabetic patients, respectively.
Both the use of metformin (HR 0.53, p < 0.0001 and HR 0.57, p = 0.017, respectively) and proper glycemic control (HR 0.49, p < 0.0001 and HR 0.40, p = 0.002, respectively) were significant protective factors in all and only diabetic patients, respectively.
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Where it lands on the map
Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.
What it adds to each cell
For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.
Metformin×glycemic control
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →40 readable studies in this cell: 41 favour the treatment, 12 find no difference, 8 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
Metformin×all-cause mortality
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →1 readable study in this cell: 0 favour the treatment, 1 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.
This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Metformin in Combination With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) on Clinical, Biochemical and Nutritional in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC): Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Preventive and Therapeutic effects of Metformin in Cancer: A Meta- Analysis of RCT and Cohort Studies.Current cancer drug targets · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic value of metformin in cancers: An updated meta-analysis based on 80 cohort studies.Medicine · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- The role of metformin on lung cancer survival: the first systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized clinical trials.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of hypoglycemic agents on survival outcomes of lung cancer patients with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2018 · on this mapPooled it
- A Phase II Feasibility Study Combining Pembrolizumab and Metformin in Patients with Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- The therapeutic value of antidiabetic drugs in lung cancer treatment: from clinical evidence to possible mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Current status and frontier tracking of clinical trials on Metformin for cancer treatment.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Low BMI patients with advancedChinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2023Article
- A Novel Combination of Sotorasib and Metformin Enhances Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in KRAS-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines through MAPK and P70S6K Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Efficacy of metformin adjunctive therapy as the treatment for non-diabetic patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory and Antiaging Mechanisms of Resveratrol, Rapamycin, and Metformin: Focus on mTOR and AMPK Signaling Networks.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Will We Unlock the Benefit of Metformin for Patients with Lung Cancer? Lessons from Current Evidence and New Hypotheses.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Metformin Enhances TKI-Afatinib Cytotoxic Effect, Causing Downregulation of Glycolysis, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and EGFR-Signaling Pathway Activation in Lung Cancer Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Advances in metformin‑based metabolic therapy for non‑small cell lung cancer (Review).Oncology reports · 2022Review
- Patient-derived tumor models are attractive tools to repurpose drugs for ovarian cancer treatment: pre-clinical updates.Oncotarget · 2022Review
- Benefits of Metformin Combined with Pemetrexed-Based Platinum Doublets as a First-Line Therapy for Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with Diabetes.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Upregulation of endogenous TRAIL-elicited apoptosis is essential for metformin-mediated antitumor activity against TNBC and NSCLC.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2021Article
- Metformin use and lung cancer survival: a population-based study in Norway.British journal of cancer · 2021Article
- Concurrent use of metformin enhances the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer-an option for overcoming EGFR-TKI resistance.Translational lung cancer research · 2021Article
- Cigarette smoke-induced LKB1/AMPK pathway deficiency reduces EGFR TKI sensitivity in NSCLC.Oncogene · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
backgroundPrevious population-based studies have demonstrated an association between metformin use and improved survival among diabetic patients with cancer. We sought to analyze the effects of diabetes and its treatment in terms of the survival of patients with lung cancer.
methodsOverall, 1106 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (94.3 % with stage IV disease) were included. The outcomes were compared between the patients with (n = 186) and without diabetes (n = 920). The characteristics associated with antidiabetic treatment and proper glycemic control (defined as a mean plasma glucose <130 mg/dL) were examined at diagnosis. The overall survivals (OSs) of the different patient populations were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, and a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the influences of the patient and tumor characteristics on survival.
resultsThe OS for the entire population was 18.3 months (95 % CI 16.1-20.4). There was no difference in the OSs of the diabetic and non-diabetic patients (18.5 vs 16.4 months, p = 0.62). The diabetic patients taking metformin exhibited a superior OS than did those on other antidiabetic treatments (25.6 vs 13.2 months, p = 0.017). Those with proper glycemic control had a better OS than did those without proper glycemic control and the non-diabetics (40.5 vs 13.2 and 18.5 months, respectively, p < 0.001). Both the use of metformin (HR 0.53, p < 0.0001 and HR 0.57, p = 0.017, respectively) and proper glycemic control (HR 0.49, p < 0.0001 and HR 0.40, p = 0.002, respectively) were significant protective factors in all and only diabetic patients, respectively.
conclusionsThe diabetic patients with proper glycemic control exhibited a better OS than did those without proper glycemic control and even exhibited a better OS than did the patients without diabetes mellitus. Metformin use was independently associated with a better OS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.