ArticleJAMA cardiology2016
Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Immune Function and Arterial Inflammation in Treatment-Naive Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
Article in JAMA cardiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Blood pressure increases are associated with weight gain and not antiretroviral regimen or kidney function: a secondary analysis from the ADVANCE trial in South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Trial
- Pitavastatin to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Infection.The New England journal of medicine · 2023 · on this mapTrial
- Assessing statin effects on cardiovascular pathways in HIV using a novel proteomics approach: Analysis of data from INTREPID, a randomized controlled trial.EBioMedicine · 2018Trial
- Novel mediators of statin effects on plaque in HIV: a proteomics approach.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Trial
- HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Newly Diagnosed HIV and Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2017Trial
- Effects of atorvastatin on biomarkers of immune activation, inflammation, and lipids in virologically suppressed, human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <130 mg/dL (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5275).Journal of clinical lipidologyTrial
- Temporal trends in viral setpoint and peak CD4 + cell count soon after HIV-1 seroconversion.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Significant Impact of Previous Major Cardiovascular Events (MACEs) and Viremia on Risk of New MACEs in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular insights in HIV-associated cardiac dysfunction.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Greater Accumulation of Brain White Matter Hyperintensities in People Diagnosed and Treated During Acute HIV Compared With People Without HIV.Neurology · 2025Article
- The sentinels of coronary artery disease: heterogeneous monocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cytokine trajectory over time in men and women with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Estimation Is Suboptimal in People With HIV.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Advances and Challenges in Molecular Imaging of Viral Infections.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Deficiency of Caspase-1 Attenuates HIV-1-Associated Atherogenesis in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- PET/MR imaging of inflammation in atherosclerosis.Nature biomedical engineering · 2023Review
- Investigating vascular diseases in people living with HIV by nuclear imaging.Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology · 2022Article
- Deprenyl reduces inflammation during acute SIV infection.iScience · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
importanceIndividuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) have an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Effects of ART on arterial inflammation among treatment-naive individuals with HIV are unknown.
objectiveTo determine the effects of newly initiated ART on arterial inflammation and other immune/inflammatory indices in ART-naive patients with HIV infection. DESIGN, SETTING,
participantsTwelve treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals underwent fludeoxyglucose F 18 ([18F]-FDG) positron emission tomographic scanning for assessment of arterial inflammation, coronary computed tomographic angiography for assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis, and systemic immune and metabolic phenotyping before and 6 months after the initiation of therapy with elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (combined ART). Systemic immune and metabolic factors were also assessed in 12 prospectively recruited individuals without HIV serving as controls. The study began July 24, 2012, and was completed May 7, 2015.
interventionsCombined ART in the HIV-infected cohort. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was change in aortic target-background ratio (TBR) on [18F]-FDG-PET with combined ART in the HIV-infected group.
resultsFor the 12 participants with HIV infection (mean (SD) age, 35 [11] years), combined ART suppressed viral load (mean [SD] log viral load, from 4.3 [0.6] to 1.3 [0] copies/mL; P < .001), increased the CD4+ T-cell count (median [IQR], from 461 [332-663] to 687 [533-882] cells/mm3; P < .001), and markedly reduced percentages of circulating activated CD4+ T cells (human leukocyte antigen-D related [HLA-DR]+CD38+CD4+) (from 3.7 [1.8-5.0] to 1.3 [0.3-2.0]; P = .008) and CD8+ T cells (HLA-DR+CD38+CD8+) (from 18.3 [8.1-27.0] to 4.0 [1.5-7.8]; P = .008), increased the percentage of circulating classical CD14+CD16- monocytes (from 85.8 [83.7-90.8] to 91.8 [87.5-93.2]; P = .04), and reduced levels of CXCL10 (mean [SD] log CXCL10, from 2.4 [0.4] to 2.2 [0.4] pg/mL; P = .03). With combined ART, uptake of [18F]-FDG in the axillary lymph nodes, as measured by TBR, decreased from a median (IQR) of 3.7 (1.3-7.0) at baseline to 1.4 (0.9-1.9; P = .01) at study end. In contrast, no significant decrease was seen in aortic TBR in response to combined ART (mean [SD], 1.9 [0.2]; median [IQR], 2.0 [1.8-2.1] at baseline to 2.2 [0.4]; 2.1 [1.9-2.6], respectively, at study end; P = .04 by 2-way test, P = .98 for test of decrease by 1-way test). Changes in aortic TBR during combined ART were significantly associated with changes in lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (n = 10; r = 0.67; P = .03). Coronary plaque increased among 3 participants with HIV infection with baseline plaque and developed de novo in 1 participant during combined ART. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Newly initiated combined ART in treatment-naive individuals with HIV infection had discordant effects to restore immune function without reducing arterial inflammation. Complementary strategies to reduce arterial inflammation among ART-treated HIV-infected individuals may be needed.
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