ReviewBiotechnology for biofuels2016
Microbial synthesis of poly-γ-glutamic acid: current progress, challenges, and future perspectives.
Review in Biotechnology for biofuels, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed.
- L-Glutamic acid production by lactic acid bacteria from Brazilian fermented foods: screening, optimization, and probiotic-related properties of Limosilactobacillus fermentum CCMA 0205.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Tailor-made poly-γ-glutamic acid for property diversity and biological function.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Aridity-related differences in soil elemental ratios reshape microbial functional traits across global biomes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Comparative genomic analysis of poly-γ-glutamic acid producing Bacillus licheniformis strains isolated from dairy products.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Investigation of γ-Polyglutamic Acid for Heavy Metal Decontamination from Coal Gangue-Based Soil: Quantum Chemical Analysis and Experimental Investigation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid on Kinetics of Enamel Demineralization in vitro at pH 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0.Calcified tissue international · 2026Article
- Advances in bacterial synthesis pathways of bioflocculants and their applications in mine wastewater treatment.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Phylum-wide propionate degradation and its potential connection to poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthesis in Candidatus Cloacimonadota phylum.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Microbial factors behind struvite precipitation: enzymes and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as key players.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Metabolomic insights into glutamate-induced γ-PGA biosynthesis and process optimization in Bacillus subtilis SCP017-03 for scalable production.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2025Article
- Metabolomic insights into glutamate-induced γ-PGA biosynthesis and process optimization in Bacillus subtilis SCP017-03 for scalable production.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2025Article
- Stress response regulation to extracellular polymeric substances biosynthesis in Bacillus licheniformis.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
- Modulation of the Sporulation Dynamics in the Plant-Probiotic Bacillus velezensis 83 via Carbon and Quorum-Sensing Metabolites.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Optimized biosynthesis and performance enhancement of γ-PGA from Bacillus licheniformis: a study on wettability, microstructure, and environmental performance.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Production and optimization of polyglutamic acid from Bacillus licheniformis: effect of low levels of gamma radiation.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Citrate Supplementation Modulates Medium Viscosity and Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Synthesis by EngineeredEngineering in life sciences · 2025Article
- Overexpressing Endopeptidase Inhibitor IseA Enhances Biomass and Biochemical Production of Bacillus licheniformis.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Plant growth-promotion triggered by extracellular polymer is associated with facilitation of bacterial cross-feeding networks of the rhizosphere.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Nanoengineered polyglutamic acid fertilizers via self-assembly for efficient tomato growth.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a naturally occurring biopolymer made from repeating units of l-glutamic acid, d-glutamic acid, or both. Since some bacteria are capable of vigorous γ-PGA biosynthesis from renewable biomass, γ-PGA is considered a promising bio-based chemical and is already widely used in the food, medical, and wastewater industries due to its biodegradable, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic properties. In this review, we consider the properties, biosynthetic pathway, production strategies, and applications of γ-PGA. Microbial biosynthesis of γ-PGA and the molecular mechanisms regulating production are covered in particular detail. Genetic engineering and optimization of the growth medium, process control, and downstream processing have proved to be effective strategies for lowering the cost of production, as well as manipulating the molecular mass and conformational/enantiomeric properties that facilitate screening of competitive γ-PGA producers. Finally, future prospects of microbial γ-PGA production are discussed in light of recent progress, challenges, and trends in this field.
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