ArticlePloS one2016
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients with Insomnia: A Repeated Measurement Study.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insomnia nosology: a systematic review and critical appraisal of historical diagnostic categories and current phenotypes.Journal of sleep research · 2023Pooled it
- Insomnia disorder with objective short sleep duration (ISS) phenotype and cognitive performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Pooled it
- Gut microbiome changes due to sleep disruption in older and younger individuals: a case for sarcopenia?Sleep · 2022Pooled it
- Fatigue in major depression is linked to depression severity, not sleep duration or anterior cingulate cortex neurochemistry.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Mechanisms Linking Insomnia and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- CD4Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effects of Shallow Needling for Chronic Primary Insomnia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Co-encapsulation of E. faecium E297 and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA): resilience to adverse conditions and application in oat flakes to enhance its functional properties.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Insomnia Phenotypes, Cardiovascular Risk and Their Link to Brain Health.Circulation research · 2025Review
- Microbiota Metabolite Profiles and Dietary Intake in Older Individuals with Insomnia of Short vs. Normal Sleep Duration.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Elevated peripheral glutamate and upregulated expression of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit in insomnia disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Gut microbiome and metabolic pathways linked to sleep quality.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Gut microbiota: a potential influencer of insomnia occurring after COVID-19 infection.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- MRI findings in movement disorders and associated sleep disturbances.American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023Review
- Spindle-related brain activation in patients with insomnia disorder: An EEG-fMRI study.Brain imaging and behavior · 2022Article
- Associations between fecal short-chain fatty acids and sleep continuity in older adults with insomnia symptoms.Scientific reports · 2021Article
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- Shorter sleep duration is associated with lower GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex.Sleep medicine · 2020Article
- Metabolism of sleep and aging: Bridging the gap using metabolomics.Nutrition and healthy aging · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic insomnia is one of the most prevalent central nervous system disorders. It is characterized by increased arousal levels, however, the neurobiological causes and correlates of hyperarousal in insomnia remain to be further determined. In the current study, magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used in the morning and evening in a well-characterized sample of 20 primary insomnia patients (12 females; 8 males; 42.7 ± 13.4 years) and 20 healthy good sleepers (12 females; 8 males; 44.1 ± 10.6 years). The most important inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters of the central nervous system, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate/glutamine (Glx), were assessed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The primary hypothesis, a diurnal effect on GABA levels in patients with insomnia, could not be confirmed. Moreover, the current results did not support previous findings of altered GABA levels in individuals with insomnia. Exploratory analyses, however, suggested that GABA levels in the ACC may be positively associated with habitual sleep duration, and, thus, reduced GABA levels may be a trait marker of objective sleep disturbances. Moreover, there was a significant GROUP x MEASUREMENT TIME interaction effect on Glx in the DLPFC with increasing Glx levels across the day in the patients but not in the control group. Therefore, Glx levels may reflect hyperarousal at bedtime in those with insomnia. Future confirmatory studies should include larger sample sizes to investigate brain metabolites in different subgroups of insomnia.
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Registered trials
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