ArticlePloS one2016
Cognitive Test Scores in UK Biobank: Data Reduction in 480,416 Participants and Longitudinal Stability in 20,346 Participants.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 171 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dissecting the genetic and proteomic risk factors for delirium.Nature aging · 2026Pooled it
- A Polygenic Score for Higher Educational Attainment is Associated with Larger Brains.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Assessment of Vascular Event Prevention and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults With Preexisting Vascular Disease or Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of 3 Randomized Clinical Trials.JAMA network open · 2019Trial
- Lifestyle for Brain health (LIBRA) score, cognition, brain volume, and dementia risk in the UK Biobank.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and its association with epilepsy risk and cognitive function.Acta epileptologica · 2026Article
- Analysis of rare coding variants in schizophrenia-associated genes and generalised cognition in the UK Biobank.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Income, diet, and cognitive function: observational analyses and candidate metabolomic pathways identified by Mendelian randomization.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Observational
- Genetic evidence for a causal relationship between 179 lipid species and cognitive function and alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Exploring the link between body physiology and cognition: the role of the brain and aging.npj aging · 2026Article
- Association of dietary copper intake with Alzheimer's disease, brain structure and cognitive function.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Centralized Review of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Biomedical Repositories and Computational Methods.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Crystallized and fluid cognitive abilities have different genetic associations with neuropsychiatric disorders.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Effects of Sarcopenia and Frailty on Cognitive Function, Brain Volume, and Dementia Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study Based on UK Biobank.Dementia and neurocognitive disorders · 2026Article
- Association between electrocardiographic age and cognitive function: findings from the UK biobank and Framingham Heart Study.European heart journal. Digital health · 2026Article
- Retinal cytoarchitectural alterations across the psychosis spectrum and their correlates with cognition: a UK biobank nested case-control study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and a body shape index (ABSI) with cognitive decline and dementia risk.PloS one · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of dementia: A prospective cohort study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
UK Biobank includes 502,649 middle- and older-aged adults from the general population who have undergone detailed phenotypic assessment. The majority of participants completed tests of cognitive functioning, and on average four years later a sub-group of N = 20,346 participants repeated most of the assessment. These measures will be used in a range of future studies of health outcomes in this cohort. The format and content of the cognitive tasks were partly novel. The aim of the present study was to validate and characterize the cognitive data: to describe the inter-correlational structure of the cognitive variables at baseline assessment, and the degree of stability in scores across longitudinal assessment. Baseline cognitive data were used to examine the inter-correlational/factor-structure, using principal components analysis (PCA). We also assessed the degree of stability in cognitive scores in the subsample of participants with repeat data. The different tests of cognitive ability showed significant raw inter-correlations in the expected directions. PCA suggested a one-factor solution (eigenvalue = 1.60), which accounted for around 40% of the variance. Scores showed varying levels of stability across time-points (intraclass correlation range = 0.16 to 0.65). UK Biobank cognitive data has the potential to be a significant resource for researchers looking to investigate predictors and modifiers of cognitive abilities and associated health outcomes in the general population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.