Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27097981›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2016

Bridging the gap: a five stage approach for developing specialty-specific entrustable professional activities.

James Kwan, Roslyn Crampton, Lise L Mogensen, Roslyn Weaver, Cees P M van der Vleuten, Wendy C Y Hu

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Article in BMC medical education, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  12. A primer on entrustable professional activities.Korean journal of medical education · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

James KwanMedical Education Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia. j.kwan@westernsydney.edu.au.
Roslyn CramptonWestmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Lise L MogensenMedical Education Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
Roslyn WeaverMedical Education Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
Cees P M van der VleutenGraduate School of Health Professions Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Wendy C Y HuMedical Education Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEntrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) are increasingly used as a focus for assessment in graduate medical education (GME). However, a consistent approach to guide EPA design is currently lacking, in particular concerning the actual content (knowledge, skills and attitude required for specific tasks) for EPAs. This paper describes a comprehensive five stage approach, which was used to develop two specialty-specific EPAs in emergency medicine focused on the first year of GME.

methodsThe five stage approach was used to gain consensus on the task, content and entrustment scale for two specialty-specific EPAs in emergency medicine. The participants consisted of twelve clinical supervisors working in the emergency department. The five stages were: 1) Selecting the EPA topic; 2) Developing the EPA content by collecting data from participants using focus group and individual interviews; 3) Drafting the EPAs based on analysis of collected data; 4) Seeking feedback on the draft EPAs from the participants and other stakeholders; 5) Refining and finalising the EPAs based on feedback.

resultsTwo specialty-specific EPAs were developed using the five stage approach. The participants reached consensus on the specific tasks and criteria for performance for the two EPAs. They also agreed that both day-to-day (ad hoc) and formal (summative) entrustment decisions were put into practice through the intensity of supervision provided to PGY1 doctors. As a result, a three level entrustment and supervision scale consisting of direct active, indirect active, passive was developed reflecting the shift in the intensity of supervision from close supervision to minimal supervision.

conclusionsThe five stage approach described in this paper was used successfully to develop two specialty-specific EPAs in emergency medicine along with a three level entrustment scale.We propose that the five stage approach is transferable to a range of medical training contexts to design specialty-specific EPAs.

Indexed as

AdultAustraliaEducation, Medical, GraduateEmergency MedicineFemaleFocus GroupsHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMaleMiddle AgedProfessional CompetenceProgram DevelopmentAssessment designCompetenceConsensus methodsEmergency medicineEntrustable professional activitiesQualitative research

Identifiers

PMID27097981
PMCPMC4839106

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.