Evidence map›Statins × all-cause mortality›PMID 26435335›Full record

Trial reportOphthalmology2015

The Association of Statin Use with Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Report Number 9.

Shaza N Al-Holou, William R Tucker, Elvira Agrón, Traci E Clemons, Catherine Cukras, Frederick L Ferris, Emily Y Chew, Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Ophthalmology, 2015. The graph read 2 numbers from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. Cited by 18 papers.

2numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against

Progression to late AMDstatin use vs no statin usean association or prognostic statement, not a treatment comparison · ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
HR 0.810.55 to 1.20P = 0.29
When matched for propensity scores and adjusted for death as a competing risk, the result was not statistically significant (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.55-1.20; P = 0.29).
FeedsStatins×all-cause mortality
Progression to late AMDstatin use vs no statin usean association or prognostic statement, not a treatment comparison · ascvdfeeds one cell of the map
HR 1.080.83 to 1.41P = 0.56
The overall analysis, with no matching of propensity scores and no adjustment for death as a competing risk, showed that statin use was not associated with progression to late AMD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.41; P = 0.56).
FeedsStatins×all-cause mortality

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

Statins×all-cause mortality

No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →

13 readable studies in this cell: 4 favour the treatment, 8 find no difference, 1 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.50contested · 3 families support, 2 contradict · against placebo
Without itNot a counted family in this claim, so removing it changes nothing.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
1 · no effect
NCT023442907,769 enrolled · 2015
HR 0.880.70 to 1.12
Effect of rosuvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure (the GIS…PMID 18757089 · 6,975 enrolled · 2002
HR 1.010.91 to 1.11
NCT03944512102 enrolled · 2019
RR 0.670.37 to 1.19
[Clinical study of the month. The ALLHAT-LLT trial].PMID 12647600 · 2003
RR 0.990.89 to 1.11
Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodial…PMID 19332456 · 2009
HR 0.960.86 to 1.07
Rosuvastatin for primary prevention in older persons with elevated C-r…PMID 20404379 · 2010
HR 0.800.62 to 1.04
The Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial: 11-year mortality follo…PMID 21873710 · 2011
HR 0.860.76 to 0.98
Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated…PMID 18997196 · 2008
HR 0.800.67 to 0.97
Long-term follow-up of moderately hypercholesterolemic hypertensive pa…PMID 23889716 · 2013
HR 0.960.89 to 1.03
Pravastatin and cardiovascular outcomes stratified by baseline eGFR in…PMID 23816477 · 2013
HR 1.010.91 to 1.13
Association Between Use of Statins and Mortality in Patients With Hear…PMID 26243795 · 2015
HR 0.800.72 to 0.89

This paper's own estimate is on a different scale from the rest of the cell, so it is not drawn here.

4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Different Therapeutic Approaches for Dry and Wet AMD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Age-Related Macular Degeneration.The New England journal of medicine · 2021
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021
    Article
  13. Article
  14. The Question of a Role for Statins in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Targeting Lipid Metabolism for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Insights from Preclinical Mouse Models.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics
    Review
  18. Review
6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Shaza N Al-HolouClinical Trials Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
William R TuckerLaboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Elvira AgrónClinical Trials Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Traci E ClemonsThe EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland.
Catherine CukrasClinical Trials Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Frederick L FerrisClinical Trials Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Emily Y ChewClinical Trials Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Electronic address: echew@nei.nih.gov.
Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group
National Institutes of Health · USNational Eye Institute · USEmmes (United States) · US

Funding

The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2)ZIAEY000485 · NEI · NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE · PI CHEW, EMILY Y · 2009 to 2015
$990k
Age-Related Eye Disease Follow-up Study (AREDS) Follow-up StudyZIAEY000489 · NEI · NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE · PI CHEW, EMILY Y · 2009 to 2025
$639k
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA EY000485NEI NIH HHS N01-EY-5-0007PHS HHS HHS-N-260-2005-00007-C
8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

purposeTo evaluate the association of statin use with progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

designPreplanned, prospective cohort study within a controlled clinical trial of oral supplementation for age-related eye diseases.

participantsAge-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) participants, aged 50 to 85 years.

methodsFactors, including age, gender, smoking status, aspirin use, and history of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, angina, and stroke-all known to be associated with statin use-were included in a logistic regression model to estimate propensity scores for each participant. Age-adjusted proportional hazards regression models, with and without propensity score matching, were performed to evaluate the association of statin use with progression to late AMD. Analyses adjusting for the competing risk of death were also performed.

main outcome measuresBaseline and annual stereoscopic fundus photographs were assessed centrally by masked graders for the development of late AMD, either neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy (GA).

resultsOf the 3791 participants (2462 with bilateral large drusen and 1329 with unilateral late AMD at baseline), 1659 (43.8%) were statin users. The overall analysis, with no matching of propensity scores and no adjustment for death as a competing risk, showed that statin use was not associated with progression to late AMD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.41; P = 0.56). When matched for propensity scores and adjusted for death as a competing risk, the result was not statistically significant (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.55-1.20; P = 0.29). Furthermore, subgroup analyses of persons with or without late AMD at baseline and the various components of late AMD (neovascular AMD, central GA, or any GA) also showed no statistically significant association of statin use with progression to AMD.

conclusionsStatin use was not statistically significantly associated with progression to late AMD in the AREDS2 participants, and these findings are consistent with findings in the majority of previous studies. Statins have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, but our data do not provide evidence of a beneficial effect on slowing AMD progression.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overCardiovascular DiseasesDietary SupplementsDisease ProgressionFatty Acids, Omega-3FemaleFollow-Up StudiesGeographic AtrophyHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsIncidenceLuteinMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsFatty Acids, Omega-3Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsLuteinZeaxanthins

Identifiers

PMID26435335
PMCPMC4658271
OpenAlexW2184798841

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.