ArticleJournal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association2015
Contribution of cod liver oil-related nutrients (vitamins A, D, E and eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) to daily nutrient intake and their associations with plasma concentrations in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort.
Article in Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cod-Liver Oil Improves Metabolic Indices and hs-CRP Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of diabetes research · 2019Trial
- The Dietary Inflammatory Index and Its Associations with Biomarkers of Nutrients with Antioxidant Potential, a Biomarker of Inflammation and Multiple Long-Term Conditions.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Positive Associations of Dietary Intake and Plasma Concentrations of Vitamin E with Skeletal Muscle Mass, Heel Bone Ultrasound Attenuation and Fracture Risk in the EPIC-Norfolk Cohort.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Higher erythrocyte n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid were associated with a better profile of DXA-derived body fat and fat distribution in adults.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2020Article
- Chemometric tools for the authentication of cod liver oil based on nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy data.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2019Article
- The balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population.The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · 2019Article
- Longitudinal associations between marine omega-3 supplement users and coronary heart disease in a UK population-based cohort.BMJ open · 2017Article
- Low vitamin D status and obesity: Role of nutritionist.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2017Review
- Low serum vitamin D-status, air pollution and obesity: A dangerous liaison.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2017Review
- Cod liver oil supplement consumption and health: cross-sectional results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study.Nutrients · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTotal nutrient intake (TNI) is intake from food and supplements. This provides an assessment of nutrient adequacy and the prevalence of excessive intake, as well as the response with respect to biomarkers. Cod liver oil (CLO) is the most frequently consumed supplement in the UK, containing nutrients that might have varying influences on health. We calculated TNI for vitamins A, D and E, as well as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and assessed associations with the respective blood concentrations.
methodsSeven-day diet diaries and blood samples were taken from two subsets of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk) cohort (age range 39-79 years; n = 1400 for vitamin D; n = 6656 for remaining nutrients). TNI was calculated for the subgroups: nonsupplement users, those consuming the nutrient in supplement form and those consuming a supplement without this nutrient.
resultsCLO-related nutrients were supplemented by 15%-33%, which approximately doubled median intakes. Almost everyone in the supplement + vitamin A group reached the estimated average requirement; however, guideline levels were likely to be exceeded. Partial correlations between intake of vitamins A and D and biomarkers were low and modestly strengthened by the inclusion of supplement sources (correlation = 0.01-0.13). Correlations between biomarker and TNI of vitamin E and EPA+DHA were in the range 0.40-0.46; however, vitamin E exceeding food intake resulted in attenuated coefficients. Linear associations between food or TNI EPA+DHA and plasma were weak but consistent across subgroups.
conclusionsCLO-related nutrients contribute substantially to nutrient intake, with a risk of over-consumption. Apart from EPA+DHA, biomarker data suggest that CLO-related nutrients in supplements are not linearly associated with vitamin status.
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