ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2014
The key to acetate: metabolic fluxes of acetic acid bacteria under cocoa pulp fermentation-simulating conditions.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revisiting the Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Cacao Fermentation: From Traditional Paradigm to Functional Precision.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Complete Genome Sequence and Comparative Genomics ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Bacterial genome reconstruction and community profiling in Neotropical Drosophila.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effect of Agroforestry and Cocoa-Producing Geographical Origin on the Sensory Profile of Beans and Chocolates in the Climate Change Context in Côte d'Ivoire.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Can Different Fermentation Boxes Improve the Nutritional Composition and the Antioxidant Activity of Fermented and Dried Floodplain Cocoa Beans in the Brazilian Amazon?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- In Silico Characterization of Sirtuins in Acetic Acid Bacteria Reveals a Novel Phylogenetically Distinctive Group.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genomics and synthetic community experiments uncover the key metabolic roles of acetic acid bacteria in sourdough starter microbiomes.mSystems · 2024Article
- Article
- Latest Trends in Industrial Vinegar Production and the Role of Acetic Acid Bacteria: Classification, Metabolism, and Applications-A Comprehensive Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Optimization of cacao beans fermentation by native species and electromagnetic fields.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Effect of Drying Technique on the Volatile Content of Ecuadorian Bulk and Fine-Flavor Cocoa.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Yeast strains do have an impact on the production of cured cocoa beans, as assessed with Costa Rican Trinitario cocoa fermentation processes and chocolates thereof.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- GC/MS-basedMicrobial cell factories · 2022Article
- Co-cultures of Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cooperatively upgrade sunflower seed milk to high levels of vitamin BMicrobial cell factories · 2022Article
- Metagenomic and Functional Characterization of Two Chilean Kefir Beverages Reveals a Dairy Beverage Containing Active Enzymes, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Microbial β-Amyloids, and Bio-Film Inhibitors.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Stochastic microbiome assembly depends on context.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Unraveling the Role of Acetic Acid Bacteria Comparing Two Acetification Profiles From Natural Raw Materials: A Quantitative Approach inFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Improving the Acetic Acid Fermentation ofFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Interaction of acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria in multispecies solid-state fermentation of traditional Chinese cereal vinegar.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Acetic Acid Bacteria in Sour Beer Production: Friend or Foe?Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) play an important role during cocoa fermentation, as their main product, acetate, is a major driver for the development of the desired cocoa flavors. Here, we investigated the specialized metabolism of these bacteria under cocoa pulp fermentation-simulating conditions. A carefully designed combination of parallel 13C isotope labeling experiments allowed the elucidation of intracellular fluxes in the complex environment of cocoa pulp, when lactate and ethanol were included as primary substrates among undefined ingredients. We demonstrate that AAB exhibit a functionally separated metabolism during coconsumption of two-carbon and three-carbon substrates. Acetate is almost exclusively derived from ethanol, while lactate serves for the formation of acetoin and biomass building blocks. Although this is suboptimal for cellular energetics, this allows maximized growth and conversion rates. The functional separation results from a lack of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and malic enzymes, typically present in bacteria to interconnect metabolism. In fact, gluconeogenesis is driven by pyruvate phosphate dikinase. Consequently, a balanced ratio of lactate and ethanol is important for the optimum performance of AAB. As lactate and ethanol are individually supplied by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts during the initial phase of cocoa fermentation, respectively, this underlines the importance of a well-balanced microbial consortium for a successful fermentation process. Indeed, AAB performed the best and produced the largest amounts of acetate in mixed culture experiments when lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were both present.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.