SynthesisPloS one2014
Meat consumption and risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological evidence on processed meat intake in relation to cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic diseases and all-cause mortality: an umbrella review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary meat mutagens intake and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Milk and dairy products consumption and the risk of oral or oropharyngeal cancer: a meta-analysis.Bioscience reports · 2019Pooled it
- Processed meat intake and chronic disease morbidity and mortality: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- A summary of meat intakes and health burdens.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2018Pooled it
- Dietary fruit, vegetable, fat, and red and processed meat intakes and Barrett's esophagus risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Nutritional Determinants of Oral Cancer: A Global Population Attributable Fraction Analysis Across 185 Countries (1990-2018).International dental journal · 2026Article
- Association of daily diet and incidence of head and neck cancer: a prospective cohort study of UK biobank participants.European journal of nutrition · 2026Observational
- Diabetes risk reduction diet and the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer.European journal of nutrition · 2026Observational
- Rural-urban and educational gradients in head and neck cancer incidence in Finland from 1977 to 2021.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2025Article
- Connecting the dots: investigating the link between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic influences in metabolomic alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Review
- Early identification of people at high risk of oral cancer-A review of existing risk prediction models.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Review
- The Risk of Oral Cancer and the High Consumption of Thermally Processed Meat Containing Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Compounds.Nutrients · 2024Article
- CD36: The Bridge between Lipids and Tumors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Consumption of Thermally Processed Meat Containing Carcinogenic Compounds (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines) versus a Risk of Some Cancers in Humans and the Possibility of Reducing Their Formation by Natural Food Additives-A Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Processed Meat Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Critical Evaluation of the Constraints of Current Evidence from Epidemiological Studies.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Processed meat and risk of selected digestive tract and laryngeal cancers.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Article
- Obesity and Cancer: Existing and New Hypotheses for a Causal Connection.EBioMedicine · 2018Review
- Trends and Spatial Patterns of Oral Cancer Mortality in Ecuador, 2001-2016.International journal of dentistry · 2018Article
- Microbial carcinogenic toxins and dietary anti-cancer protectants.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeHigh meat consumption, especially red and processed meat consumption is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, however, evidence for oral cavity and oropharynx cancer is limited. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis to determine the association between intakes of total meat, processed meat, red meat, and white meat, and the risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer.
methodsElectronic search of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central database was conducted to select relevant studies. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were used to estimate summary relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected by meta-regression. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were also performed.
results12 case-control studies and one cohort study were included in the analyses, including 501,730 subjects and 4,104 oral cavity and oropharynx cancer cases. Pooled results indicated that high consumption of total meat, red meat, and white meat were not significantly associated with increased risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer (RR = 1.14, 95% CI[0.78-1.68]; RR = 1.05, 95% CI[0.66, 1.66] and RR = 0.81, 95% CI[0.54, 1.22], respectively), while the high consumption of processed meat was significantly associated with a 91% increased risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer (RR = 1.91, 95% CI [1.19-3.06]). Sensitivity analysis indicated that no significant variation in combined RR by excluding any of the study, confirming the stability of present results.
conclusionsThe present meta-analysis suggested that high consumption of processed meat was significantly associated with an increased risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer, while there was no significantly association between total meat, red meat or white meat and the risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer. More prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm these associations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.