ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2013
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: questions still to be answered despite increasing awareness.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Patients With Turner Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Microscopic enteritis: Bucharest consensus.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Guideline
- Exposure to Different Amounts of Dietary Gluten in Patients with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS): An Exploratory Study.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Periodontal Status of Patients with Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Non-Coeliac Wheat Sensitivity: Symptoms in Search of a Mechanism, or a Distinct Well-Defined Clinical Entity? A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Gluten-related nutritional challenges in pediatric subjects: treatment and beyond.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Enhancement of Corn Flour with Carob Bean for Innovative Gluten-Free Extruded Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Effects of Gluten on Weight Gain, Hematological, Biochemical, and Various Endocrinological Parameters.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2024Article
- The Gliadin Hydrolysis Capacity ofNutrients · 2023Article
- Review on pediatric coeliac disease from a clinical perspective.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- Improvement in nutritional quality of traditional unleavened flat bread using Quality Protein Maize.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Self-reported Wheat Sensitivity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Subjects: Prevalence of Celiac Markers and Response to Wheat-free Diet.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2021Article
- Clinicopathological and Fecal Proteome Evaluations in 16 Dogs Presenting Chronic Diarrhea Associated with Lymphangiectasia.Veterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Non-celiac wheat sensitivity: rationality and irrationality of a gluten-free diet in individuals affected with non-celiac disease: a review.BMC gastroenterology · 2021Review
- The Gluten Gene: Unlocking the Understanding of Gluten Sensitivity and Intolerance.The application of clinical genetics · 2021Review
- Review
- Celiac disease: histology-differential diagnosis-complications. A practical approach.Pathologica · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recently, the increasing number of patients worldwide who are sensitive to dietary gluten without evidence of celiac disease or wheat allergy has contributed to the identification of a new gluten-related syndrome defined as non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Our knowledge regarding this syndrome is still lacking, and many aspects of this syndrome remain unknown. Its pathogenesis is heterogeneous, with a recognized pivotal role for innate immunity; many other factors also contribute, including low-grade intestinal inflammation, increased intestinal barrier function and changes in the intestinal microbiota. Gluten and other wheat proteins, such as amylase trypsin inhibitors, are the primary triggers of this syndrome, but it has also been hypothesized that a diet rich in fermentable monosaccharides and polyols may elicit its functional gastrointestinal symptoms. The epidemiology of this condition is far from established; its prevalence in the general population is highly variable, ranging from 0.63% to 6%. From a clinical point of view, non-celiac gluten sensitivity is characterized by a wide array of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms that occur shortly after the ingestion of gluten and improve or disappear when gluten is withdrawn from the diet. These symptoms recur when gluten is reintroduced. Because diagnostic biomarkers have not yet been identified, a double-blind placebo-controlled gluten challenge is currently the diagnostic method with the highest accuracy. Future research is needed to generate more knowledge regarding non-celiac gluten sensitivity, a condition that has global acceptance but has only a few certainties and many unresolved issues.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.