Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23727128›Full record

ReviewThe Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology2014

Alzheimer's disease: review of hormone therapy trials and implications for treatment and prevention after menopause.

Victor W Henderson

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 172 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Individually modifiable risk factors to ameliorate cognitive aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2015
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Brain interleukins and Alzheimer's disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2025
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Drug repurposing for neurodegenerative diseases using Zebrafish behavioral profiles.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2024
    Article

7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Victor W HendersonDepartment of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: vhenderson@stanford.edu.
Stanford University · US

Funding

VASCULAR RISK AND COGNITIVE STATUS IN A LATINO POPULATIONP50AG005142 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BRASKIE, MEREDITH NICOLE · 1985 to 2019
$41.0M
Raloxifene in Women with AD: Randomized Controlled TrialR01AG023038 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HENDERSON, VICTOR · 2005 to 2007
$1.1M
NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005142NIA NIH HHS R01 AG023038
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hormonal changes associated with the menopausal transition and postmenopause have the potential to influence processes linked to Alzheimer's disease symptoms and pathogenesis, but effects of menopause on Alzheimer risk can be addressed only indirectly. Nine randomized clinical trials of estrogen-containing hormone therapy in Alzheimer's disease patients were identified by a systematic literature search. Findings suggest that hormone therapy does not improve cognitive symptoms of women with Alzheimer's disease. No clinical trials of hormone therapy address Alzheimer prevention, but one clinical trial provides moderate evidence that continuous, combined estrogen plus progestogen initiated at age 65 years or older increases the risk of dementia. The timing, or critical window, hypothesis suggests that hormone therapy initiated at a younger age in closer temporal proximity to menopause may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. This hypothesis is supported by observational research but is not addressed by clinical trial data. Unrecognized confounding is of concern in interpreting observational results, and research that helps resolve this issue will have important public health implications. Well-designed cohort studies, convergent evidence from appropriate laboratory models, and long-term clinical trials using surrogate biomarkers of brain function and neural pathology could provide relevant answers. Other estrogenic compounds are of theoretical interest with respect to Alzheimer treatment and risk. Effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators such as raloxifene may differ from those of estrogens; potential effects of phytoestrogens are not well studied. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Menopause'.

Indexed as

PostmenopauseAgedAlzheimer DiseaseEstrogen Replacement TherapyFemaleHumansMiddle AgedRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSelective Estrogen Receptor ModulatorsSelective Estrogen Receptor ModulatorsAlzheimer's diseaseEstrogenHormone therapyMenopauseSelective estrogen receptor modulator

Identifiers

PMID23727128
PMCPMC3830600
OpenAlexW2020024336

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.